A Trainable Optimal Transport Embedding for Feature Aggregation.

TITLE: A Trainable Optimal Transport Embedding for Feature Aggregation.

AUTHORS: A. Askari, A. d'Aspremont, L. El Ghaoui.

ABSTRACT: We address the problem of learning on large sets of features, motivated by the need of performing pooling operations in long biological sequences of varying sizes, with long-range dependencies, and possibly few labeled data. To address this challenging task, we introduce a parametrized embedding that aggregates the features from a given set according to the optimal transport plan between the set and a trainable reference. Our approach scales to large datasets and allows end-to-end training of the reference, while also providing a simple unsupervised learning mechanism with small computational cost. Our aggregation technique admits two useful interpretations: it may be seen as a mechanism related to attention layers in neural networks, yet that requires less data, or it may be seen as a scalable surrogate of a classical optimal transport-based kernel. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on biological sequences, achieving state-of-the-art results for protein fold recognition and detection of chromatin profiles tasks, and, as a proof of concept, we show promising results for processing natural language sequences. We provide an open-source implementation of our embedding that can be used alone or as a module in larger learning models.

ArXiv PREPRINT: 2006.12065

An implementation is available here.