%&LaTeX
\newcommand{\fontsdate}{September 10, 1999}
\newcommand{\fontsversion}{1.00}
%% 
%% Typeset 2 times this file `fonts.tex' then `MakeIndex fonts.idx' 
%% and then typeset 1 time this file `fonts.tex'.
%%
%% This file may be distributed under the terms of the LaTeX Project
%% Public License, as described in lppl.txt in the base LaTeX
%% distribution.  Either version 1.0 or, at your option, any later
%% version.
%%
%% &#80;&#97;&#116;&#114;&#105;&#99;&#107;&#46;&#67;&#111;&#117;&#115;&#111;&#116;&#64;&#101;&#110;&#115;&#46;&#102;&#114;
%%
\newif\ifMakePDFwithAdobeAcrobatDistiller
\MakePDFwithAdobeAcrobatDistillerfalse
%\MakePDFwithAdobeAcrobatDistillertrue
\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[obeyspaces,spaces,T1]{url}
% \LaTeXurl is for the original \url not modified by hyperref
\let\originalurl\url
\newcommand{\LaTeXurl}[1]{{\small\originalurl{#1}}}
\newcommand{\mailtoUrl}[1]{\mbox{\href{mailto:#1}{\url{#1}}}}
% indexing
\usepackage{makeidx}
\makeindex
% \CTAN{path} is the ``path'' on CTAN sites
\newcommand{\CTAN}[1]{\LaTeXurl{CTAN#1}%
\index{ctan@{\protect\LaTeXurl{CTAN#1}}}}
\usepackage[dvips]{color}
\ifMakePDFwithAdobeAcrobatDistiller
\usepackage[T1]{em} % <-- comment if the Y&Y European modern  
\fi                 % fonts are not available
% define hyperref processor :
\newcommand{\processor}{PS}% is one of the following:
\newcommand{\PS}{PS}%    PostScript
\newcommand{\HPS}{HPS}%  HyperPostScript
\newcommand{\GS}{GS}%    MacGS-5.50
\newcommand{\AD}{AD}%    Adobe Acrobat Distiller 4.0
\ifMakePDFwithAdobeAcrobatDistiller
\renewcommand{\processor}{AD}%
\fi
\ifx\processor\GS\typeout{*** PostScript ***}\fi
\definecolor{transparent}{rgb}{0,0,0}% i.e. *no* color
\def\PDF{%
a4paper,%
colorlinks=true,%
\ifx\processor\GS
% with colorlinks=false, MacGS-5.50 covers all links with colored 
% boxes!
linkcolor=red,%
anchorcolor=transparent,%
citecolor=transparent,%
filecolor=transparent,%
menucolor=transparent,%
pagecolor=transparent,%
urlcolor=transparent,%
hypertex=true,% 
raiselinks=false,%
breaklinks=false,%
\fi
\ifx\processor\AD
pdfkeywords={OzTeX, Acrobat Distiller 4.0},%
dvips=true,%
raiselinks=true,%
breaklinks=false,%
\fi
\ifx\processor\GS
pdfkeywords={OzTeX, MacGS-5.50},%
ps2pdf=true,%
raiselinks=true,%
breaklinks=false,%
\fi
\ifx\processor\HPS
hypertex=true,% for OzTeX hyper PostScript
raiselinks=false,%
breaklinks=true,%
\fi
pagebackref=true,%
pageanchor=true,%
pdfpagemode=UseOutline,% UseOutline, FullScreen,
hyperindex=true,%
plainpages=false,%
bookmarks=true,%
bookmarksopen=true,%
bookmarksnumbered=true,%
}
\usepackage[\PDF]{hyperref}
\usepackage[OT1,TS1,T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[applemac]{inputenc}
%\usepackage{mflogo}% uncommend if mflogo.sty is available
% begin suppress the following if mflogo.sty is available
% \MF = METAFONT logo
\DeclareFontFamily{U}{logo}{} % logo with U encoding
\DeclareFontShape{U}{logo}{m}{n}{<-> logo10}{}
\newcommand{\doMF}{{\fontencoding{U}\fontfamily{logo}\fontseries{m}\fontshape{n}\selectfont METAFONT}}
\newcommand{\MF}{\doMF\index{mf@{\protect\doMF}}}
% end suppress
\usepackage{graphicx}
\graphicspath{{:pict:}}
% OzTeX logo (with index)
\input oztex.tex
\makeatletter
\let\originalOzTeX\OzTeX
\renewcommand{\OzTeX}{\index{oztex@{\protect\originalOzTeX}}\originalOzTeX}
\newcommand{\OzMF}{\index{ozmf@{OzMF}}OzMF}
\newcommand{\OddJobs}{\index{oddjobs@{Odd Jobs}}Odd Jobs}
\newcommand{\Joblet}[1]{\OddJobs{}'s Joblet ``#1''\index{oddjobs@{Odd Jobs}!#1}}
\newcommand{\MacGS}{\index{macgs@{MacGS 5.50}}MacGS 5.50}
\newcommand{\Distiller}{\index{acrobatdistiller@{Acrobat Distiller}}Acrobat Distiller}
\newcommand{\Reader}{\index{acrobatreader@{Acrobat Reader}}Acrobat Reader}
\makeatother
% LaTeX format
\catcode`\%=12
\catcode`\&=12
\newcommand{\percentchar}{%}
\newcommand{\ampersand}{&}
\newcommand{\doLaTeXformat}{{\small\percentchar\ampersand\LaTeXurl{LaTeX}}}
\newcommand{\LaTeXformat}{\doLaTeXformat\index{%&latex@{\protect\doLaTeXformat}}}
\catcode`\%=14
\catcode`\&=4
% names
\newcommand{\Cork}{Cork\index{cork@{Cork}}}
\newcommand{\Berry}{Karl Berry\index{berry@{Berry, Karl}}}
\newcommand{\Knuth}{Donald E.\ Knuth\index{knuth@{Knuth, Donald E.}}}
\newcommand{\Lamport}{Leslie Lamport\index{lamport@{Lamport, Leslie}}}
\newcommand{\LopezValencia}{P.~Alejandro~L\'{o}pez-Valencia\index{lopezvalencia@{L\'{o}pez-Valencia, P.~Alejandro}}}
\newcommand{\Trevorrow}{Andrew Trevorrow\index{trevorrow@{Trevorrow, Andrew}}}
% NFSS2 & PSNFSS logos (with index)
\newcommand{\NFSStwo}{\LaTeXurl{NFSS2}\index{nfss2@{\protect\LaTeXurl{NFSS2}}}}
\newcommand{\PSNFSS}{\LaTeXurl{PSNFSS}\index{psnfss@{\protect\LaTeXurl{PSNFSS}}}}
% dvips logo (with index)
\newcommand{\dvips}{\LaTeXurl{dvips}\index{dvips@{\protect\LaTeXurl{dvips}}}}
% kb7to8 & kb8to7 logo (with index)
\newcommand{\kbseventoeight}{\LaTeXurl{kb7to8}\index{kb7to8@{\protect\LaTeXurl{kb7to8}}}}
\newcommand{\kbeighttoseven}{\LaTeXurl{kb8to7}\index{kb8to7@{\protect\LaTeXurl{kb8to7}}}}
% Alpha logo (with index)
\newcommand{\Alpha}{\LaTeXurl{Alpha}\index{alpha@{\protect\LaTeXurl{Alpha}}}}
% BlueSky logo (with index)
\newcommand{\BlueSky}{BlueSky\index{bluesky@{BlueSky}}}
% ATM logo (with index)
\newcommand{\ATM}{\LaTeXurl{ATM}\index{atm@{\protect\LaTeXurl{ATM (Adobe Type Manager)}}}}
\newcommand{\ATMLite}{\LaTeXurl{ATM Lite}\index{atmlite@{\protect\LaTeXurl{ATM Lite}}}}
\newcommand{\ATMDeluxe}{\LaTeXurl{ATM Deluxe}\index{atmdeluxe@{\protect\LaTeXurl{ATM Deluxe}}}}
% AMS logo (with index)
\def\AmS{{\protect\usefont{OMS}{cmsy}{m}{n}%
  A\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{M}\kern-.125emS}}
\newcommand{\AMS}{\AmS\ (American Mathematical Society)\index{ams@{\protect\AmS\protect\ (American Mathematical Society)}}}
% MakeTeXPK logo (with index)
\newcommand{\MakeTeXPK}{\LaTeXurl{MakeTeXPK}\index{maketexpk@{\protect\LaTeXurl{MakeTeXPK}}}}
% PopChar Lite 2.7.2 logo (with index)
\newcommand{\PopCharLite}{\LaTeXurl{PopChar Lite 2.7.2}\index{popcharlite@{\protect\LaTeXurl{PopChar Lite 2.7.2}}}}
% ASCII logo (with index)
\newcommand{\ASCII}{\textsc{ascii}\index{ascii@{\protect\textsc{ascii}}}}
% \cmd{xxxx} : outputs \xxxx in \small\ttfamily font (and index \xxxx)
% \indexcmd{xxxx} : index \xxxx
\newcommand{\cmd}[1]{{\normalfont\small\ttfamily\textbackslash #1}\indexcmd{#1}}
\newcommand{\indexcmd}[1]{\index{#1@{\protect\small\protect\ttfamily\protect\textbackslash #1}}}
% \fat{xxxx} : outputs \f@xxxx in \small\ttfamily font (and index \f@xxxx)
% \indexfat{xxxx} : index \f@xxxx
\makeatletter
\newcommand{\fat}[1]{{\normalfont\small\ttfamily\textbackslash f@#1}\indexfat{#1}}
\newcommand{\indexfat}[1]{\index{f"@#1@{\protect\small\protect\ttfamily\protect\textbackslash f"@#1}}}
\makeatother
% \Ozconfvar{xx_yy} : outputs OzTeX configuration variable xx_yy in 
%                     \small\ttfamily font (and index xx_yy)
% \indexOzconfvar{xx_yy} : index xx_yy
\newcommand{\Ozconfvar}[1]{\LaTeXurl{#1}\indexOzconfvar{#1}}%
\newcommand{\indexOzconfvar}[1]{\index{#1@{\protect\LaTeXurl{#1}}}}
% \Ozconfile{xxxx} : outputs OzTeX configuration file name xxxx in 
%                    \small\ttfamily font (and index xxxx)
% \indexOzconfile{xxxx} : index xxxx
% \Default{} : Default configuration file
% \Local{} : Local configuration file
\newcommand{\Ozconfile}[1]{\LaTeXurl{#1}\indexOzconfile{#1}}
\newcommand{\indexOzconfile}[1]{\index{#1@{\protect\LaTeXurl{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\Default}{\Ozconfile{:TeX:Configs:Default}}
\newcommand{\Local}{\Ozconfile{:Local}}
% \Ozfile{xxxx} : outputs OzTeX file name xxxx in \small\ttfamily font 
%                 (and index xxxx)
% \indexOzfile{xxxx} : index xxxx
\newcommand{\Ozfile}[1]{\LaTeXurl{#1}\indexOzfile{#1}}
\newcommand{\indexOzfile}[1]{\index{#1@{\protect\LaTeXurl{#1}}}}
% \Ozvalue{v} : outputs OzTeX value $v in \small\ttfamily font 
%               (and index $v)
% \indexOzvalue{v} : index $v
\newcommand{\Ozvalue}[1]{\LaTeXurl{$#1}\indexOzvalue{#1}}
\newcommand{\indexOzvalue}[1]{\index{$#1@{\protect\LaTeXurl{$#1}}}}
% \LaTeXoption{opt} : outputs \LaTeX package option opt in \small\ttfamily font 
%                 (and index opt)
% \indexLaTeXoption{opt} : index opt
% \LaTeXclass{sty} : outputs \LaTeX class sty in \small\ttfamily font 
%                 (and index sty)
% \indexLaTeXclass{sty} : index sty
% \LaTeXpackage{pkg} : outputs \LaTeX package pkg in \small\ttfamily font 
%                 (and index pkg)
% \indexLaTeXpackage{pkg} : index pkg
% \indexLaTeXpackageoption{opt}{pkg} : index option opt of package pkg
%                                      as well as package pkg
\newcommand{\LaTeXoption}[1]{\LaTeXurl{#1}\indexLaTeXoption{#1}}
\newcommand{\indexLaTeXoption}[1]{\index{#1@{\protect\LaTeXurl{#1} option}}}
\newcommand{\LaTeXclass}[1]{\LaTeXurl{#1}\indexLaTeXclass{#1}}
\newcommand{\indexLaTeXclass}[1]{\index{#1@{\protect\LaTeXurl{#1} class}}}
\newcommand{\LaTeXpackage}[1]{\LaTeXurl{#1}\indexLaTeXpackage{#1}}
\newcommand{\indexLaTeXpackage}[1]{\index{#1@{\protect\LaTeXurl{#1} package}}}
\newcommand{\indexLaTeXpackageoption}[2]{\indexLaTeXpackage{#2}\index{#1@{\protect\LaTeXurl{#1} option of package \protect\LaTeXurl{#2}}}}
% \Berryfont{ffff} : outputs K. Berry font name ffff in \small\ttfamily font 
%                 (and index ffff)
% \indexBerryfont{ffff} : index ffff
\newcommand{\Berryfont}[1]{\LaTeXurl{#1}\indexBerryfont{#1}}
\newcommand{\indexBerryfont}[1]{\index{#1@{\protect\LaTeXurl{#1} font}}}
% \ffff{.ext} : ffff.ext in \small\ttfamily font (and index .ext if not empty)
% \rffff{.ext} : rffff.ext in \small\ttfamily font (and index .ext if not empty)
% \ffffdddpk{ddd} : ffff.dddpk in \small\ttfamily font (and index .pk)
% \config{.ext} : config.ext in \small\ttfamily font (and index config.ext)
% \indexconfig{.ext} : index config.ext
% \psfonts{.ext} : psfont.ext in \small\ttfamily font (and index psfont.ext)
% \indexpsfonts{.ext} : index psfonts.ext
\newcommand{\ffff}[1]{\LaTeXurl{ffff#1}\def\empty{}\def\parametre{#1}%
\ifx\empty\parametre\else\indexOzfile{#1}\fi}
\newcommand{\rffff}[1]{\LaTeXurl{rffff#1}\def\empty{}\def\parametre{#1}%
\ifx\empty\parametre\else\indexOzfile{#1}\fi}
\newcommand{\ffffdddpk}[1]{\LaTeXurl{ffff}.$#1$\/\LaTeXurl{pk}\indexOzfile{.pk}}
\newcommand{\indexconfig}[1]{\indexOzfile{config#1}}
\newcommand{\config}[1]{\LaTeXurl{config#1}\indexconfig{#1}}
\newcommand{\indexpsfonts}[1]{\indexOzfile{psfonts#1}}
\newcommand{\psfonts}[1]{\LaTeXurl{psfonts#1}\indexpsfonts{#1}}
% \Hexadecimal{code}
% \Octal{code}
\newcommand{\Hexadecimal}[1]{\LaTeXurl{"#1}}
\newcommand{\Octal}[1]{\LaTeXurl{'#1}}
% \Ozmenu[aa>bb>..>zz] : OzTeX menu aa -> bb -> .. -> zz and index aa, ..., zz
\def\Ozmenu[#1]{``\doOzmenu(#1>)''}
\def\doOzmenu(#1>#2){{\sffamily #1}{\index{#1@{{\protect\sffamily #1}}}}\def\isempty{}\def\parameter{#2}%
\ifx\parameter\isempty\else${}\rightarrow{}$\doOzmenu(#2)\fi}
% \PostScript
\newcommand{\PostScript}{PostScript\index{postscript@{PostScript (PS)}}}
% \Tone, \TSone, \OTone, \LYone, \OML, \OMS, \OMX, \U encodings
\newcommand{\Tone}{\LaTeXurl{T1}\index{encoding!t1@{\protect\LaTeXurl{T1}}}\index{t1@{\protect\LaTeXurl{T1} encoding}}}
\newcommand{\TSone}{\LaTeXurl{TS1}\index{encoding!ts1@{\protect\LaTeXurl{TS1}}}\index{ts1@{\protect\LaTeXurl{TS1} encoding}}}
\newcommand{\OTone}{\LaTeXurl{OT1}\index{encoding!ot1@{\protect\LaTeXurl{OT1}}}\index{ot1@{\protect\LaTeXurl{OT1} encoding}}}
\newcommand{\LYone}{\LaTeXurl{LY1}\index{encoding!ly1@{\protect\LaTeXurl{LY1} (TeX 'n ANSI)}}\index{ly1@{\protect\LaTeXurl{LY1} (TeX 'n ANSI) encoding}}}
\newcommand{\OML}{\LaTeXurl{OML}\index{encoding!oml@{\protect\LaTeXurl{OML} (old math letters)}}\index{oml@{\protect\LaTeXurl{OML} encoding (old math letters)}}}
\newcommand{\OMS}{\LaTeXurl{OMS}\index{encoding!oms@{\protect\LaTeXurl{OMS} (old math symbols)}}\index{oms@{\protect\LaTeXurl{OMS} encoding (old math symbols)}}}
\newcommand{\OMX}{\LaTeXurl{OMX}\index{encoding!omx@{\protect\LaTeXurl{OMX} (old math extension symbols)}}\index{omx@{\protect\LaTeXurl{OMX} encoding (old math extension symbols)}}}
\newcommand{\U}{\LaTeXurl{U}\index{encoding!u@{\protect\LaTeXurl{U} (unknown)}}\index{u@{\protect\LaTeXurl{U} encoding (unknown)}}}
% 7t 8t 8r 8a 8y
\newcommand{\indexsevent}{\index{encoding!7t@{\protect\LaTeXurl{7t}}}\index{7t@{\protect\LaTeXurl{7t} encoding}}}
\newcommand{\sevent}{\LaTeXurl{7t}\indexsevent}
\newcommand{\indexeighty}{\index{encoding!8y@{\protect\LaTeXurl{8y}}}\index{8y@{\protect\LaTeXurl{8y} encoding}}}
\newcommand{\eighty}{\LaTeXurl{8y}\indexeighty}
\newcommand{\indexeightt}{\index{encoding!8t@{\protect\LaTeXurl{8t}}}\index{8t@{\protect\LaTeXurl{8t} encoding}}}
\newcommand{\eightt}{\LaTeXurl{8t}\indexeightt}
\newcommand{\indexeightr}{\index{encoding!8r@{\protect\LaTeXurl{8r}}}\index{8r@{\protect\LaTeXurl{8r} encoding}}}
\newcommand{\eightr}{\LaTeXurl{8r}\indexeightr}
\newcommand{\indexeighta}{\index{encoding!8a@{\protect\LaTeXurl{8a}}}\index{8a@{\protect\LaTeXurl{8a} encoding}}}
\newcommand{\eighta}{\LaTeXurl{8a}\indexeighta}
% /TeXBase1Encoding /TeXnANSIEncoding /CMTextEncoding /ECEncoding /DCEncoding /ExtendedTeXEncoding
\newcommand{\TeXBaseoneEncodingVector}{\LaTeXurl{/TeXBase1Encoding}\index{texbase1encoding@{\protect\LaTeXurl{/TeXBase1Encoding}}}}
\newcommand{\TeXnANSIEncodingVector}{\LaTeXurl{/TeXnANSIEncoding}\index{texnansiencoding@{\protect\LaTeXurl{/TeXnANSIEncoding}}}}
\newcommand{\CMTextEncodingVector}{\LaTeXurl{/CMTextEncoding}\index{cmtextencoding@{\protect\LaTeXurl{/CMTextEncoding}}}}
\newcommand{\ECEncodingVector}{\LaTeXurl{/ECEncoding}\index{ecencoding@{\protect\LaTeXurl{/ECEncoding}}}}
\newcommand{\DCEncodingVector}{\LaTeXurl{/DCEncoding}\index{dcencoding@{\protect\LaTeXurl{/DCEncoding}}}}
\newcommand{\ExtendedTeXEncodingVector}{\LaTeXurl{/ExtendedTeXEncoding}\index{extendedtexencoding@{\protect\LaTeXurl{/ExtendedTeXEncoding}}}}

\newcommand{\StandardEncodingVector}{\LaTeXurl{/StandardEncoding}\index{standardencoding@{\protect\LaTeXurl{/StandardEncoding}}}}
\newcommand{\ISOLatinOneEncodingVector}{\LaTeXurl{/ISOLatin1Encoding}\index{isolatin1encoding@{\protect\LaTeXurl{/ISOLatin1Encoding}}}}
% \YandY
\newcommand{\YandY}{Y\&Y\index{yy@{Y\&Y}}}
% \Command{X} displays the mac command key pressed together with key X
% \Option{X} displays the mac option key pressed together with key X
\newcommand{\Command}[1]{``Command-\uppercase{#1}''\index{command#1@{Command-\protect\uppercase{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\Option}[1]{``Option-\uppercase{#1}''\index{option#1@{Option-\protect\uppercase{#1}}}}
% \abbreviation{ab}{abbreviation}
\newcommand{\abbreviation}[2]{\LaTeXurl{#1} (#2)\index{#1@{\protect\LaTeXurl{#1} (#2)}}}
% reencoding functions
\newcommand{\applemacRE}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\mathit{applemac}}}\index{applemac@{\textit{applemac}}}}
\newcommand{\toneencRE}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\mathit{t1enc}}}\index{t1enc@{\textit{t1enc}}}}
\newcommand{\otoneencRE}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\mathit{ot1enc}}}\index{ot1enc@{\textit{ot1enc}}}}
\newcommand{\MacToneencRE}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\mathit{MacT1}}}\index{mact1@{\textit{MacT1}}}}
\newcommand{\ptmbieighttvfRE}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\mathit{ptmbi8t.vf}}}\index{ptmbi8t.vf@{\textit{ptmbi8t.vf}}}}
\newcommand{\TeXBaseoneEncodingRE}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\mathit{TeXBase1Encoding}}}\index{texbase1encoding@{\textit{TeXBase1Encoding}}}}
\newcommand{\MaceightrencRE}{\ensuremath{\mathop{\mathit{Mac8r.enc}}}\index{mac8r.enc@{\textit{Mac8r.enc}}}}
% helvetica font
\DeclareFontFamily{T1}{phv}{} % helvetica with T1 encoding
\DeclareFontShape{T1}{phv}{m}{n}{<-> phvr8t}{}
\newcommand{\doHelvetica}{\begingroup\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{phv}\fontsize{10}{12}%
\fontseries{m}\fontshape{n}\selectfont Helvetica\endgroup}
\newcommand{\Helvetica}{\doHelvetica\index{helvetica@{\protect\doHelvetica}}}


% Palatino font
\newcommand{\doPalatino}{\begingroup\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{ppl}\fontsize{10}{12}%
\fontseries{m}\fontshape{n}\selectfont Palatino\endgroup}
\newcommand{\indexPalatino}{\index{palatino@{\protect\doPalatino}}}
\newcommand{\Palatino}{\doPalatino\indexPalatino}
% utopia font
\newcommand{\utopia}{\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{put}\selectfont}
\newcommand{\doUtopia}{\begingroup\utopia Utopia\endgroup}
\newcommand{\Utopia}{\protect\doUtopia\index{utopia@{\protect\doUtopia}}}
% times font
\DeclareFontFamily{T1}{ptm}{} % times with T1 encoding
\DeclareFontShape{T1}{ptm}{m}{n}{<-> ptmr8r}{}
\newcommand{\doTimes}{\begingroup\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{ptm}\fontsize{10}{12}%
\fontseries{m}\fontshape{n}\selectfont Times\endgroup}
\newcommand{\Times}{\doTimes\index{times@{\protect\doTimes}}}
\newcommand{\indexMinion}{\index{minion@{Minion}}}
\newcommand{\Minion}{Minion\indexMinion}
% avant garde font
\makeatletter
\newcommand{\doAvantGarde}{\begingroup\font\myAvantGardefont=pagd8r at 1\@ptsize pt\myAvantGardefont Avant Garde\endgroup}
\makeatother
\newcommand{\indexAvantGarde}{\index{avantgarde@{\protect\doAvantGarde}}}
% ``ec'' font
\DeclareFontFamily{T1}{ecrm}{} % ec with T1 encoding
\DeclareFontShape{T1}{ecrm}{m}{n}{<-> ecrm1000}{}
% times font
\DeclareFontFamily{T1}{ptm}{} 
\DeclareFontShape{T1}{ptm}{b}{it}{<-> ptmbi8t}{}
% \apple displays the mac apple character
\newcommand{\apple}[1]{\raisebox{-0.1ex}{\includegraphics{Apple.eps}}\hskip0.5ex#1}
% \table (from nfssfont.tex) displays a font layout
\newcount\m \newcount\n \newcount\p \newdimen\dim
\def\oct#1{\hbox{\fontsize{\taillepolice}{\taillepolice}\selectfont\rmfamily\'{}\kern-.2em\itshape
           #1\/\kern.05em}} % octal constant
\def\hex#1{\hbox{\fontsize{\taillepolice}{\taillepolice}\selectfont\rmfamily\H{}\ttfamily#1}} % hexadecimal constant
\def\setdigs#1"#2{\gdef\h{#2}% \h=hex prefix; \0\1=corresponding octal
 \m=\n \divide\m by 64 \xdef\0{\the\m}%
 \multiply\m by-64 \advance\m by\n \divide\m by 8 \xdef\1{\the\m}}
\def\testrow{\setbox0=\hbox{\penalty 1\def\\{\char"\h}%
 \\0\\1\\2\\3\\4\\5\\6\\7\\8\\9\\A\\B\\C\\D\\E\\F%
 \global\p=\lastpenalty}} % \p=1 if none of the characters exist
\def\oddline{\cr
  \noalign{\nointerlineskip}
  \multispan{19}\hrulefill&
  \setbox0=\hbox{\lower 2.3pt\hbox{\hex{\h x}}}\smash{\box0}\cr
  \noalign{\nointerlineskip}}
\newif\ifskipping
\def\evenline{\loop\skippingfalse
 \ifnum\n<\limite \m=\n \divide\m 16 \chardef\next=\m
 \expandafter\setdigs\meaning\next \testrow
 \ifnum\p=1 \skippingtrue \fi\fi
 \ifskipping \global\advance\n 16 \repeat
 \ifnum\n=\limite \let\next=\endchart\else\let\next=\morechart\fi
 \next}
\def\morechart{\cr\noalign{\hrule\penalty5000}
 \chartline \oddline \m=\1 \advance\m 1 \xdef\1{\the\m}
 \chartline \evenline}
\def\chartline{&\oct{\0\1x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&}
\newdimen\chartstrutsize\newdimen\chartstrutthird\newdimen\chartstruttwothird
\def\computechartstrutsizes{\chartstrutsize\taillepolice pt\advance\chartstrutsize by 4pt%
\chartstrutthird\chartstrutsize\divide\chartstrutthird by 3%
\chartstruttwothird\chartstrutsize\advance\chartstruttwothird by-\chartstrutthird}
\def\chartstrut{\computechartstrutsizes
\lower\chartstrutthird
\vbox to\chartstrutsize{}}
\def\table{$$\global\n=0
  \halign to\hsize\bgroup
    \chartstrut##\tabskip0pt plus\taillepolice pt&
    &\hfil##\hfil&\vrule##\cr
    \lower\chartstruttwothird\null
    &&&\oct0&&\oct1&&\oct2&&\oct3&&\oct4&&\oct5&&\oct6&&\oct7&\evenline}
\def\endchart{\cr\noalign{\hrule}
  \raise11.5pt\null&&&\hex 8&&\hex 9&&\hex A&&\hex B&
  &\hex C&&\hex D&&\hex E&&\hex F&\cr\egroup$$\par}
\newdimen\repositiondim\newdimen\dessous
\def\:{\setbox0=\hbox{\dothefontselection\char\n}%
\reposition
\raisebox{-\repositiondim}[0pt][0pt]{\box0}\global\advance\n 1 }
\def\reposition{\computechartstrutsizes
\dessous=\chartstrutsize
\advance\dessous by -\ht0
\advance\dessous by -\dp0
\divide\dessous by 2
\repositiondim=\chartstrutthird
\advance\repositiondim by -\dp0
\advance\repositiondim by -\dessous
}
% end nfssfont.tex
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \CMTextEncoding{12} %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand{\CMTextEncoding}[1]{%
\subsection{\MF{} ``cm'' layout at #1 pt in OT1 encoding}
\label{CMTextEncoding}\index{layout}
{\small (The \TeX{} text encoding is defined by vector
\CMTextEncodingVector{} in the file
\CTAN{/fonts/utilities/vplutils/encodings/CMtext.enc} and
\Ozfile{:TeX:Encodings:CMtext.enc}, see also the \TeX{}book
\cite{Knuth:1984:TB}, page 427.)\index{cm@{``cm'' (Computer Modern)}}}
\def\taillepolice{#1}%
\def\dothefontselection{\fontsize{#1}{#1}\fontencoding{OT1}\fontfamily{cmr}\fontseries{m}\fontshape{n}\selectfont}%
\def\limite{128}%
\table}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \ECEncoding{9} %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand{\ECEncoding}[1]{%
\subsection{\MF{} ``ec'' layout at #1 pt in T1 encoding}
\label{ECEncoding}\index{layout}
{\small (The \Tone{}/EC\index{ec@{``ec'' (European Computer)}}/\Cork{} encoding is defined by vector
\ECEncodingVector{} in files
\CTAN{/fonts/utilities/vplutils/encodings/EC.enc} and
\Ozfile{:TeX:DVIPS:Inputs:EC.enc}.\index{ec@{``ec'' (European Computer)}}  See also
\url{http://www.YandY.com/art/tex256.gif} on the Web)}
\def\taillepolice{#1}%
\def\dothefontselection{\fontsize{#1}{#1}\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{ecrm}\fontseries{m}\fontshape{n}\selectfont}%
\def\limite{256}%
\table}
% \glyphbox
\newcommand{\glyphvrule}{\vrule height 3.5mm depth 1.5mm width 0pt}%
\newcommand{\glyphbox}[1]{\fboxsep0pt\fbox{\hbox to 5mm{\glyphvrule\hfil\smash{#1}\hfil}}%
\hskip-\fboxrule\ignorespaces}%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \TeXBaseOneEncoding{11} %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand{\TeXBaseOneEncoding}[1]{%
\subsection{TeX Base 1 Encoding}
\label{TeXBaseOneEncoding}\index{layout}
{\small (The TeX Base 1 Encoding is defined in
\CTAN{/fonts/utilities/vplutils/encodings/8r.enc}\indexeightr,
\CTAN{/info/fontname/8r.enc},
\CTAN{/fonts/psfonts/tools/8r.enc},
\CTAN{/macros/latex/required/psnfss/8r.enc} and
\Ozfile{:TeX:DVIPS:Inputs:8r.enc}.  On the web, see also 
\url{http://www.yandy.com/art/8r.gif}.)}\\
\begingroup
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\begin{center}
\fontsize{#1}{#1}\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{cmr}\fontseries{m}\fontshape{n}\selectfont%
\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{}}
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\hskip\fboxrule%
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\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny 3}\ %
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\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny 4}\ %
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\glyphbox{\symbol{76}}\glyphbox{\symbol{77}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{78}}\glyphbox{\symbol{79}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny 5}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{80}}\glyphbox{\symbol{81}}%
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\glyphbox{\symbol{126}}\glyphbox{}%
\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny 8}\ %
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\glyphbox{\symbol{152}}%
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\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny D}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{208}}\glyphbox{\symbol{209}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{210}}\glyphbox{\symbol{211}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{212}}\glyphbox{\symbol{213}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{214}}\glyphbox{\multiplyglyph}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{216}}\glyphbox{\symbol{217}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{218}}\glyphbox{\symbol{219}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{220}}\glyphbox{\symbol{221}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{222}}\glyphbox{\symbol{255}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny E}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{224}}\glyphbox{\symbol{225}}%
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\glyphbox{\symbol{228}}\glyphbox{\symbol{229}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{230}}\glyphbox{\symbol{231}}%
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\glyphbox{\symbol{234}}\glyphbox{\symbol{235}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{236}}\glyphbox{\symbol{237}}%
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\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny F}\ %
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\\[-\fboxrule]%
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\endgroup}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \TeXnAnsiEncoding{11} %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand{\TeXnAnsiEncoding}[1]{%
\subsection{TeX'n ANSI Encoding}
\label{TeXnAnsiEncoding}\index{layout}
{\small (The TeX'n ANSI encoding is defined by the array
\TeXnANSIEncodingVector{} of file \Ozfile{TEXNANSI.ENC}
(distributed by \YandY{}) and
\Ozfile{:Extras:Y&Y:LY1:encodings:dvips:TEXNANSI.ENC}.  See also
\url{http://www.yandy.com/art/texnansi.gif} on the web.\indexeighty)}\\
\begingroup
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{}}
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\glyphbox{\degree}%
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\\[-\fboxrule]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny C}\ %
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\\[-\fboxrule]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny D}\ %
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\glyphbox{\symbol{220}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{221}}%
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\\[-\fboxrule]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny E}\ %
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\\[-\fboxrule]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny F}\ %
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\glyphbox{\symbol{243}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{244}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{245}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{246}}%
\glyphbox{\divideglyph}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{248}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{249}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{250}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{251}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{252}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{253}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{254}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{184}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]%
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\endgroup}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \ISOLatinOneEncoding{12} %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand{\ISOLatinOneEncoding}[1]{%
\subsection{ISO Latin 1 Encoding}
\label{ISOLatinOneEncoding}\index{encoding!latin1@{ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1)}}\index{layout}
{\small (The ISO Latin 1 Encoding is defined by vector
\ISOLatinOneEncodingVector{} in the file
\CTAN{/fonts/utilities/vplutils/encodings/isolatin1.enc}.)}\\
\begingroup
\newcommand{\visiblespace}{\bgroup\font\myfont=cmtt10 at #1pt\myfont\char'040\egroup}
\newcommand{\minus}{$-$}
\newcommand{\cent}{\bgroup\font\myfont=pagd8r at #1pt\myfont\char'242\egroup}
\newcommand{\currency}{\bgroup\font\myfont=pagd8r at #1pt\myfont\char'250\egroup}
\newcommand{\yen}{\bgroup\font\myfont=pagd8r at #1pt\myfont\char'245\egroup}
\newcommand{\brokenbar}{\rlap{\rule[0pt]{0.5pt}{0.9ex}}\rule[1.1ex]{0.5pt}{0.9ex}}
\newcommand{\ordfeminine}{$^{\mbox{\tiny\underline{a}}}$}
\newcommand{\logicalnot}{$\neg$}
\newcommand{\registered}{\fontencoding{TS1}\selectfont\textregistered}
\newcommand{\degree}{$^{\mbox{\tiny o}}$}
\newcommand{\plusminus}{$\pm$}
\newcommand{\twosuperior}{$^{2}$}
\newcommand{\threesuperior}{$^{3}$}
\newcommand{\periodcentered}{$\cdot$}
\newcommand{\onesuperior}{$^{1}$}
\newcommand{\ordmasculine}{$^{\mbox{\tiny\underline{o}}}$}
\newcommand{\onequarter}{$\frac{1}{4}$}
\newcommand{\onehalf}{$\frac{1}{2}$}
\newcommand{\threequarters}{$\frac{3}{4}$}
\newcommand{\multiplyglyph}{$\times$}
\newcommand{\divideglyph}{\bgroup\fontencoding{TS1}\selectfont\symbol{246}\egroup}
\begin{center}
\fontsize{#1}{#1}\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{cmr}\fontseries{m}\fontshape{n}\selectfont%
\fboxsep0pt%
\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{}}
\noindent\ %
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  0\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  1\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  2\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  3\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  4\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  5\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  6\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  7\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  8\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  9\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  A\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  B\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  C\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  D\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  E\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  F\hfil}%
\\[1mm]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny 0}\ %
\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}%
\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}%
\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny 1}\ %
\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}%
\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}%
\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny 2}\ %
\glyphbox{\visiblespace}\glyphbox{\symbol{33}}\glyphbox{\symbol{34}}\glyphbox{\symbol{35}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{36}}\glyphbox{\symbol{37}}\glyphbox{\symbol{38}}\glyphbox{\symbol{39}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{40}}\glyphbox{\symbol{41}}\glyphbox{\symbol{42}}\glyphbox{\symbol{43}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{44}}\glyphbox{\minus}\glyphbox{\symbol{46}}\glyphbox{\symbol{47}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny 3}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{48}}\glyphbox{\symbol{49}}\glyphbox{\symbol{50}}\glyphbox{\symbol{51}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{52}}\glyphbox{\symbol{53}}\glyphbox{\symbol{54}}\glyphbox{\symbol{55}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{56}}\glyphbox{\symbol{57}}\glyphbox{\symbol{58}}\glyphbox{\symbol{59}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{60}}\glyphbox{\symbol{61}}\glyphbox{\symbol{62}}\glyphbox{\symbol{63}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny 4}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{64}}\glyphbox{\symbol{65}}\glyphbox{\symbol{66}}\glyphbox{\symbol{67}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{68}}\glyphbox{\symbol{69}}\glyphbox{\symbol{70}}\glyphbox{\symbol{71}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{72}}\glyphbox{\symbol{73}}\glyphbox{\symbol{74}}\glyphbox{\symbol{75}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{76}}\glyphbox{\symbol{77}}\glyphbox{\symbol{78}}\glyphbox{\symbol{79}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny 5}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{80}}\glyphbox{\symbol{81}}\glyphbox{\symbol{82}}\glyphbox{\symbol{83}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{84}}\glyphbox{\symbol{85}}\glyphbox{\symbol{86}}\glyphbox{\symbol{87}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{88}}\glyphbox{\symbol{89}}\glyphbox{\symbol{90}}\glyphbox{\symbol{91}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{92}}\glyphbox{\symbol{93}}\glyphbox{\symbol{94}}\glyphbox{\symbol{95}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny 6}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{96}}\glyphbox{\symbol{97}}\glyphbox{\symbol{98}}\glyphbox{\symbol{99}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{100}}\glyphbox{\symbol{101}}\glyphbox{\symbol{102}}\glyphbox{\symbol{103}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{104}}\glyphbox{\symbol{105}}\glyphbox{\symbol{106}}\glyphbox{\symbol{107}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{108}}\glyphbox{\symbol{109}}\glyphbox{\symbol{110}}\glyphbox{\symbol{111}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny 7}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{112}}\glyphbox{\symbol{113}}\glyphbox{\symbol{114}}\glyphbox{\symbol{115}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{116}}\glyphbox{\symbol{117}}\glyphbox{\symbol{118}}\glyphbox{\symbol{119}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{120}}\glyphbox{\symbol{121}}\glyphbox{\symbol{122}}\glyphbox{\symbol{123}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{124}}\glyphbox{\symbol{125}}\glyphbox{\symbol{126}}\glyphbox{}%
\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny 8}\ %
\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}%
\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}%
\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny 9}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{25}}\glyphbox{\symbol{0}}\glyphbox{\symbol{1}}\glyphbox{\symbol{2}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{3}}\glyphbox{\symbol{9}}\glyphbox{\symbol{8}}\glyphbox{\symbol{10}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{4}}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{\symbol{6}}\glyphbox{\symbol{11}}%
\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{\symbol{5}}\glyphbox{\symbol{12}}\glyphbox{\symbol{7}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny A}\ %
\glyphbox{\visiblespace}\glyphbox{\symbol{189}}\glyphbox{\cent}\glyphbox{\symbol{191}}%
\glyphbox{\currency}\glyphbox{\yen}\glyphbox{\brokenbar}\glyphbox{\symbol{159}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{4}}\glyphbox©\glyphbox{\ordfeminine}\glyphbox{\symbol{19}}%
\glyphbox{\logicalnot}\glyphbox{\symbol{127}}\glyphbox{\registered}\glyphbox{\symbol{9}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny B}\ %
\glyphbox{\degree}\glyphbox{\plusminus}\glyphbox{\twosuperior}\glyphbox{\threesuperior}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{1}}\glyphbox{$\mu$}\glyphbox∂\glyphbox{\periodcentered}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{11}}\glyphbox{\onesuperior}\glyphbox{\ordmasculine}\glyphbox{\symbol{20}}%
\glyphbox{\onequarter}\glyphbox{\onehalf}\glyphbox{\threequarters}\glyphbox{\symbol{190}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny C}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{192}}\glyphbox{\symbol{193}}\glyphbox{\symbol{194}}\glyphbox{\symbol{195}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{196}}\glyphbox{\symbol{197}}\glyphbox{\symbol{198}}\glyphbox{\symbol{199}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{200}}\glyphbox{\symbol{201}}\glyphbox{\symbol{202}}\glyphbox{\symbol{203}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{204}}\glyphbox{\symbol{205}}\glyphbox{\symbol{206}}\glyphbox{\symbol{207}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny D}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{208}}\glyphbox{\symbol{209}}\glyphbox{\symbol{210}}\glyphbox{\symbol{211}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{212}}\glyphbox{\symbol{213}}\glyphbox{\symbol{214}}\glyphbox{\multiplyglyph}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{216}}\glyphbox{\symbol{217}}\glyphbox{\symbol{218}}\glyphbox{\symbol{219}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{220}}\glyphbox{\symbol{221}}\glyphbox{\symbol{222}}\glyphbox{\symbol{255}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny E}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{224}}\glyphbox{\symbol{225}}\glyphbox{\symbol{226}}\glyphbox{\symbol{227}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{228}}\glyphbox{\symbol{229}}\glyphbox{\symbol{230}}\glyphbox{\symbol{231}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{232}}\glyphbox{\symbol{233}}\glyphbox{\symbol{234}}\glyphbox{\symbol{235}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{236}}\glyphbox{\symbol{237}}\glyphbox{\symbol{238}}\glyphbox{\symbol{239}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]\noindent\llap{\tiny F}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{240}}\glyphbox{\symbol{241}}\glyphbox{\symbol{242}}\glyphbox{\symbol{243}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{244}}\glyphbox{\symbol{245}}\glyphbox{\symbol{246}}\glyphbox{\divideglyph}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{248}}\glyphbox{\symbol{249}}\glyphbox{\symbol{250}}\glyphbox{\symbol{251}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{252}}\glyphbox{\symbol{253}}\glyphbox{\symbol{254}}\glyphbox{\symbol{184}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]%
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\endgroup}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \AdobeStandardEncoding{9} %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand{\AdobeStandardEncoding}[1]{%
% LaTeX.config:
%   pagd8r  AvantGarde-Book      "Avant Garde"        Mac8a.enc
% psfonts.fonts:
%   pagd8r AvantGarde-Book <AvantGarBoo
\subsection{\PostScript{} ``Avant Garde'' layout at #1 pt in Adobe Standard
Encoding}\index{adobe@{Adobe Systems Incorporated.}}\index{encoding!adobe@{Adobe standard}}\indexAvantGarde\index{layout}
{(The Adobe Standard Encoding\footnote{\texttt{/Lslash} and \texttt{/lslash}
are approximated on screen} is defined in file
\CTAN{/info/fontname/8a.enc}\indexeighta.)}
\label{AdobeStandardEncoding}
\def\taillepolice{#1}%
\def\dothefontselection{\font\myfont=pagd8r at #1pt\myfont}% Avant Garde Demi
\def\limite{256}%
\table}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Macintosh Roman Encoding %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand{\MacintoshRomanEncoding}[1]{%
\subsection{Macintosh Roman Encoding}
\label{MacintoshRomanEncoding}\index{encoding!macintosh@{Macintosh roman}}\index{layout}
\begingroup
\newcommand{\visiblespace}{\bgroup\font\myfont=cmtt10 at 10pt\myfont\char'040\egroup}
\newcommand{\quotesingle}{`}
\newcommand{\degree}{${}^{{}^{\circ}}$}
\newcommand{\registered}{\fontencoding{TS1}\selectfont\textregistered}
\newcommand{\trademark}{\fontencoding{TS1}\selectfont\texttrademark}%
\newcommand{\notequal}{$\neq$}
\newcommand{\infinity}{$\infty$}
\newcommand{\plusminus}{$\pm$}
\newcommand{\lessequal}{$\leq$}
\newcommand{\greaterequal}{$\geq$}
\newcommand{\yen}{\fontencoding{TS1}\selectfont\textyen}
\newcommand{\partialdiff}{$\partial$}
\newcommand{\cent}{\fontencoding{TS1}\selectfont\textcent}
\newcommand{\paragraphglyph}∂
\newcommand{\summation}{$\sum$}
\newcommand{\product}{$\prod$}
\newcommand{\integral}{$\int$}
\newcommand{\ordfeminine}{$^{\mbox{\tiny\underline{a}}}$}
\newcommand{\ordmasculine}{$^{\mbox{\tiny\underline{o}}}$}
\newcommand{\logicalnot}{$\neg$}
\newcommand{\radicalglyph}{$\surd$}
\newcommand{\florin}{\fontencoding{TS1}\fontshape{it}\selectfont\textflorin}
\newcommand{\approxequal}{$\approx$}
\newcommand{\ellipsis}{\ldots}
\newcommand{\blank}{\visiblespace}
\newcommand{\divideglyph}{\bgroup\fontencoding{TS1}\selectfont\symbol{246}\egroup}
\newcommand{\lozenge}{$\diamondsuit$}
\newcommand{\fraction}{$\not{}$}
\newcommand{\currency}{\fontencoding{TS1}\selectfont\textcurrency}
\newcommand{\daggerdbl}{$\ddagger$}
\newcommand{\periodcentered}{$\cdot$}
\begin{center}
\fontsize{#1}{#1}\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{cmr}\fontseries{m}\fontshape{n}\selectfont%
\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{}}
\fboxsep0pt%
\noindent\ %
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  0\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  1\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  2\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  3\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  4\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  5\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  6\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  7\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  8\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  9\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  A\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  B\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  C\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  D\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  E\hfil}%
\hskip\fboxrule%
\hbox to 5mm{\hfil\relax \fontsize {5}{6}\selectfont  F\hfil}%
\\[1mm]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny 0}\ %
\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}%
\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}%
\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}%
\glyphbox{}%
\\[-\fboxrule]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny 1}\ %
\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}%
\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}%
\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}\glyphbox{}%
\glyphbox{}%
\\[-\fboxrule]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny 2}\ %
\glyphbox{\visiblespace}\glyphbox{\symbol{33}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{34}}\glyphbox{\symbol{35}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{36}}\glyphbox{\symbol{37}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{38}}\glyphbox{\quotesingle}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{40}}\glyphbox{\symbol{41}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{42}}\glyphbox{\symbol{43}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{44}}\glyphbox{\symbol{127}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{46}}\glyphbox{\symbol{47}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny 3}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{48}}\glyphbox{\symbol{49}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{50}}\glyphbox{\symbol{51}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{52}}\glyphbox{\symbol{53}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{54}}\glyphbox{\symbol{55}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{56}}\glyphbox{\symbol{57}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{58}}\glyphbox{\symbol{59}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{60}}\glyphbox{\symbol{61}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{62}}\glyphbox{\symbol{63}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny 4}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{64}}\glyphbox{\symbol{65}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{66}}\glyphbox{\symbol{67}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{68}}\glyphbox{\symbol{69}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{70}}\glyphbox{\symbol{71}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{72}}\glyphbox{\symbol{73}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{74}}\glyphbox{\symbol{75}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{76}}\glyphbox{\symbol{77}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{78}}\glyphbox{\symbol{79}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny 5}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{80}}\glyphbox{\symbol{81}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{82}}\glyphbox{\symbol{83}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{84}}\glyphbox{\symbol{85}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{86}}\glyphbox{\symbol{87}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{88}}\glyphbox{\symbol{89}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{90}}\glyphbox{\symbol{91}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{92}}\glyphbox{\symbol{93}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{94}}\glyphbox{\symbol{95}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny 6}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{0}}\glyphbox{\symbol{97}}\glyphbox{\symbol{98}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{99}}\glyphbox{\symbol{100}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{101}}\glyphbox{\symbol{102}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{103}}\glyphbox{\symbol{104}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{105}}\glyphbox{\symbol{106}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{107}}\glyphbox{\symbol{108}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{109}}\glyphbox{\symbol{110}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{111}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny 7}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{112}}\glyphbox{\symbol{113}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{114}}\glyphbox{\symbol{115}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{116}}\glyphbox{\symbol{117}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{118}}\glyphbox{\symbol{119}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{120}}\glyphbox{\symbol{121}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{122}}\glyphbox{\symbol{123}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{124}}\glyphbox{\symbol{125}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{126}}\glyphbox{}%
\\[-\fboxrule]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny 8}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{196}}\glyphbox{\symbol{197}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{199}}\glyphbox{\symbol{201}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{209}}\glyphbox{\symbol{214}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{220}}\glyphbox{\symbol{225}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{224}}\glyphbox{\symbol{226}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{228}}\glyphbox{\symbol{227}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{229}}\glyphbox{\symbol{231}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{233}}\glyphbox{\symbol{232}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny 9}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{234}}\glyphbox{\symbol{235}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{237}}\glyphbox{\symbol{236}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{238}}\glyphbox{\symbol{239}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{241}}\glyphbox{\symbol{243}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{242}}\glyphbox{\symbol{244}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{246}}\glyphbox{\symbol{245}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{250}}\glyphbox{\symbol{249}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{251}}\glyphbox{\symbol{252}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny A}\ %
\glyphbox{$\dagger$}\glyphbox{\degree}\glyphbox{\cent}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{191}}\glyphbox{\symbol{159}}%
\glyphbox{$\bullet$}\glyphbox{\paragraphglyph}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{255}}\glyphbox{\registered}%
\glyphbox©\glyphbox{\trademark}\glyphbox{\symbol{1}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{4}}\glyphbox{\notequal}\glyphbox{\symbol{198}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{216}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny B}\ %
\glyphbox{\infinity}\glyphbox{\plusminus}\glyphbox{\lessequal}%
\glyphbox{\greaterequal}\glyphbox{\yen}\glyphbox{$\mu$}%
\glyphbox{\partialdiff}\glyphbox{\summation}\glyphbox{\product}%
\glyphbox{$\pi$}\glyphbox{\integral}\glyphbox{\ordfeminine}%
\glyphbox{\ordmasculine}\glyphbox{$\Omega$}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{230}}\glyphbox{\symbol{248}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny C}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{190}}\glyphbox{\symbol{189}}%
\glyphbox{\logicalnot}\glyphbox{\radicalglyph}\glyphbox{\florin}%
\glyphbox{\approxequal}\glyphbox{$\Delta$}\glyphbox{\symbol{19}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{20}}\glyphbox{\ellipsis}\glyphbox{\blank}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{192}}\glyphbox{\symbol{195}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{213}}\glyphbox{\symbol{215}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{247}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny D}\ %
\glyphbox{\symbol{21}}\glyphbox{\symbol{22}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{16}}\glyphbox{\symbol{17}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{96}}\glyphbox{\symbol{39}}%
\glyphbox{\divideglyph}\glyphbox{\lozenge}\glyphbox{\symbol{184}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{152}}\glyphbox{\fraction}\glyphbox{\currency}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{14}}\glyphbox{\symbol{15}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{28}}\glyphbox{\symbol{29}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny E}\ %
\glyphbox{\daggerdbl}\glyphbox{\periodcentered}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{13}}\glyphbox{\symbol{18}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{24}}\glyphbox{\symbol{194}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{202}}\glyphbox{\symbol{193}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{203}}\glyphbox{\symbol{200}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{205}}\glyphbox{\symbol{206}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{207}}\glyphbox{\symbol{204}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{211}}\glyphbox{\symbol{212}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]%
\noindent\llap{\tiny F}\ %
\glyphbox{\apple}\glyphbox{\symbol{210}}\glyphbox{\symbol{218}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{219}}\glyphbox{\symbol{217}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{25}}\glyphbox{\symbol{2}}\glyphbox{\symbol{3}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{9}}\glyphbox{\symbol{8}}\glyphbox{\symbol{10}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{6}}\glyphbox{\symbol{11}}\glyphbox{\symbol{5}}%
\glyphbox{\symbol{12}}\glyphbox{\symbol{7}}%
\\[-\fboxrule]%
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\endgroup}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% TS1 encoding %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand{\TSoneEncoding}[1]{%
\subsection{TS1 encoding}
\label{TSoneEncoding}\index{layout}
{\small (The \TSone{} encoding is described in \CTAN{/fonts/eco/src/TS1.etx}.
It is enabled by 
\cmd{usepackage\{textcomp\}}\indexLaTeXpackage{textcomp}.)}\\[0.5ex]
\begingroup\mbox{}\hfill
    \fontsize{#1}{#1}\selectfont
    \renewcommand{\TSone}{\strut\fontencoding{TS1}\selectfont}
    \begin{tabular}{|ll|ll|}
    \hline
    \strut\cmd{capitalcedilla}&\TSone\capitalcedilla{}&
    \cmd{capitalogonek}&\TSone\capitalogonek{}\\
    \cmd{capitalgrave}&\TSone\capitalgrave{}&
    \cmd{capitalacute}&\TSone\capitalacute{}\\
    \cmd{capitalcircumflex}&\TSone\capitalcircumflex{}&
    \cmd{capitaltilde}&\TSone\capitaltilde{}\\
    \cmd{capitaldieresis}&\TSone\capitaldieresis{}&
    \cmd{capitalhungarumlaut}&\TSone\capitalhungarumlaut{}\\
    \cmd{capitalring}&\TSone\capitalring{}&
    \cmd{capitalcaron}&\TSone\capitalcaron{}\\
    \cmd{capitalbreve}&\TSone\capitalbreve{}&
    \cmd{capitalmacron}&\TSone\capitalmacron{}\\
    \cmd{capitaldotaccent}&\TSone\capitaldotaccent{}&
    \cmd{t}&\TSone\t{}\\
    \cmd{capitaltie}&\TSone\capitaltie{}&
    \cmd{newtie}&\TSone\newtie{}\\
    \cmd{capitalnewtie}&\TSone\capitalnewtie{}&
    \cmd{textcapitalcompwordmark}&\TSone\textcapitalcompwordmark{}\\
    \cmd{textascendercompwordmark}&\TSone\textascendercompwordmark{}&
    \cmd{textquotestraightbase}&\TSone\textquotestraightbase{}\\
    \cmd{textquotestraightdblbase}&\TSone\textquotestraightdblbase{}&
    \cmd{texttwelveudash}&\TSone\texttwelveudash{}\\
    \cmd{textthreequartersemdash}&\TSone\textthreequartersemdash{}&
    \cmd{textleftarrow}&\TSone\textleftarrow{}\\
    \cmd{textrightarrow}&\TSone\textrightarrow{}&
    \cmd{textblank}&\TSone\textblank{}\\
    \cmd{textdollar}&\TSone\textdollar{}&
    \cmd{textquotesingle}&\TSone\textquotesingle{}\\
    \cmd{textasteriskcentered}&\TSone\textasteriskcentered{}&
    \cmd{textdblhyphen}&\TSone\textdblhyphen{}\\
    \cmd{textfractionsolidus}&\TSone\textfractionsolidus{}&
    \cmd{textzerooldstyle}&\TSone\textzerooldstyle{}\\
    \cmd{textoneoldstyle}&\TSone\textoneoldstyle{}&
    \cmd{texttwooldstyle}&\TSone\texttwooldstyle{}\\
    \cmd{textthreeoldstyle}&\TSone\textthreeoldstyle{}&
    \cmd{textfouroldstyle}&\TSone\textfouroldstyle{}\\
    \cmd{textfiveoldstyle}&\TSone\textfiveoldstyle{}&
    \cmd{textsixoldstyle}&\TSone\textsixoldstyle{}\\
    \cmd{textsevenoldstyle}&\TSone\textsevenoldstyle{}&
    \cmd{texteightoldstyle}&\TSone\texteightoldstyle{}\\
    \cmd{textnineoldstyle}&\TSone\textnineoldstyle{}&
    \cmd{textlangle}&\TSone\textlangle{}\\
    \cmd{textminus}&\TSone\textminus{}&
    \cmd{textrangle}&\TSone\textrangle{}\\
    \cmd{textmho}&\TSone\textmho{}&
    \cmd{textbigcircle}&\TSone\textbigcircle{}\\
    \cmd{textcircled}&\TSone\textcircled{}&
    \cmd{textohm}&\TSone\textohm{}\\
    \cmd{textlbrackdbl}&\TSone\textlbrackdbl{}&
    \cmd{textrbrackdbl}&\TSone\textrbrackdbl{}\\
    \cmd{textuparrow}&\TSone\textuparrow{}&
    \cmd{textdownarrow}&\TSone\textdownarrow{}\\
    \cmd{textasciigrave}&\TSone\textasciigrave{}&
    \cmd{textborn}&\TSone\textborn{}\\
    \cmd{textdivorced}&\TSone\textdivorced{}&
    \cmd{textdied}&\TSone\textdied{}\\
    \cmd{textleaf}&\TSone\textleaf{}&
    \cmd{textmarried}&\TSone\textmarried{}\\
    \cmd{textmusicalnote}&\TSone\textmusicalnote{}&
    \cmd{texttildelow}&\TSone\texttildelow{}\\
    \cmd{textdblhyphenchar}&\TSone\textdblhyphenchar{}&
    \cmd{textasciibreve}&\TSone\textasciibreve{}\\
    \cmd{textasciicaron}&\TSone\textasciicaron{}&
    \cmd{textacutedbl}&\TSone\textacutedbl{}\\
    \cmd{textgravedbl}&\TSone\textgravedbl{}&
    \cmd{textdagger}&\TSone\textdagger{}\\
    \cmd{textdaggerdbl}&\TSone\textdaggerdbl{}&
    \cmd{textbardbl}&\TSone\textbardbl{}\\
    \cmd{textperthousand}&\TSone\textperthousand{}&
    \cmd{textbullet}&\TSone\textbullet{}\\
    \cmd{textcelsius}&\TSone\textcelsius{}&
    \cmd{textdollaroldstyle}&\TSone\textdollaroldstyle{}\\
    \cmd{textcentoldstyle}&\TSone\textcentoldstyle{}&
    \cmd{textflorin}&\TSone\textflorin{}\\
    \cmd{textcolonmonetary}&\TSone\textcolonmonetary{}&
    \cmd{textwon}&\TSone\textwon{}\\
    \cmd{textnaira}&\TSone\textnaira{}&
    \cmd{textguarani}&\TSone\textguarani{}\\
    \cmd{textpeso}&\TSone\textpeso{}&
    \cmd{textlira}&\TSone\textlira{}\\
    \cmd{textrecipe}&\TSone\textrecipe{}&
    \cmd{textinterrobang}&\TSone\textinterrobang{}\\
    \cmd{textinterrobangdown}&\TSone\textinterrobangdown{}&
    \cmd{textdong}&\TSone\textdong{}\\
    \cmd{texttrademark}&\TSone\texttrademark{}&
    \cmd{textpertenthousand}&\TSone\textpertenthousand{}\\
    \cmd{textpilcrow}&\TSone\textpilcrow{}&
    \cmd{textbaht}&\TSone\textbaht{}\\
    \cmd{textnumero}&\TSone\textnumero{}&
    \cmd{textdiscount}&\TSone\textdiscount{}\\
    \cmd{textestimated}&\TSone\textestimated{}&
    \cmd{textopenbullet}&\TSone\textopenbullet{}\\
    \cmd{textservicemark}&\TSone\textservicemark{}&
    \cmd{textlquill}&\TSone\textlquill{}\\
    \cmd{textrquill}&\TSone\textrquill{}&
    \cmd{textcent}&\TSone\textcent{}\\
    \cmd{textsterling}&\TSone\textsterling{}&
    \cmd{textcurrency}&\TSone\textcurrency{}\\
    \cmd{textyen}&\TSone\textyen{}&
    \cmd{textbrokenbar}&\TSone\textbrokenbar{}\\
    \cmd{textsection}&\TSone\textsection{}&
    \cmd{textasciidieresis}&\TSone\textasciidieresis{}\\
    \cmd{textcopyright}&\TSone\textcopyright{}&
    \cmd{textordfeminine}&\TSone\textordfeminine{}\\
    \cmd{textcopyleft}&\TSone\textcopyleft{}&
    \cmd{textlnot}&\TSone\textlnot{}\\
    \cmd{textcircledP}&\TSone\textcircledP{}&
    \cmd{textregistered}&\TSone\textregistered{}\\
    \cmd{textasciimacron}&\TSone\textasciimacron{}&
    \cmd{textdegree}&\TSone\textdegree{}\\
    \cmd{textpm}&\TSone\textpm{}&
    \cmd{texttwosuperior}&\TSone\texttwosuperior{}\\
    \cmd{textthreesuperior}&\TSone\textthreesuperior{}&
    \cmd{textasciiacute}&\TSone\textasciiacute{}\\
    \cmd{textmu}&\TSone\textmu{}& % micro sign
    \cmd{textparagraph}&\TSone\textparagraph{}\\
    \cmd{textperiodcentered}&\TSone\textperiodcentered{}&
    \cmd{textreferencemark}&\TSone\textreferencemark{}\\
    \cmd{textonesuperior}&\TSone\textonesuperior{}&
    \cmd{textordmasculine}&\TSone\textordmasculine{}\\
    \cmd{textsurd}&\TSone\textsurd{}&
    \cmd{textonequarter}&\TSone\textonequarter{}\\
    \cmd{textonehalf}&\TSone\textonehalf{}&
    \cmd{textthreequarters}&\TSone\textthreequarters{}\\
    \cmd{texteuro}&\TSone\texteuro{}&
    \cmd{texttimes}&\TSone\texttimes{}\\
    \cmd{textdiv}&\TSone\textdiv{}&&\strut\\
    \hline
    \end{tabular}\hfill\mbox{}
\endgroup}
% let "thebibliography" and "theindex" be a numbered sections (whence 
% appearing in the table of content)
\makeatletter
\renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
     {\section{\refname
        \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\refname}{\MakeUppercase\refname}}%
      \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
           {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
            \leftmargin\labelwidth
            \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
            \@openbib@code
            \usecounter{enumiv}%
            \let\p@enumiv\@empty
            \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
      \sloppy
      \clubpenalty4000
      \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty
      \widowpenalty4000%
      \sfcode`\.\@m}
     {\def\@noitemerr
       {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
      \endlist}
\renewenvironment{theindex}
               {\if@twocolumn
                  \@restonecolfalse
                \else
                  \@restonecoltrue
                \fi
                \columnseprule \z@
                \columnsep 35\p@
                \twocolumn[\section{\indexname}]%
                \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
                        {\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
                \thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@
                \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
                \let\item\@idxitem}
               {\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\title{\bfseries Using fonts in \LaTeX{} with \OzTeX{}}
\author{Patrick \textsc{Cousot}}
\date{v.\ \fontsversion, \fontsdate}
\maketitle

This is a short guide explaining how fonts are used in \LaTeX{} and
rendered by \OzTeX{} on screen and, using \dvips{}, in print.  A basic
knowledge of \Lamport's \LaTeX{}
\cite{Goossens:1994:LCb,Goossens:1997:LGC,Graetzer:1999:FSL,Greenberg:1999:SIL,Lamport:1994:LDP}
and \Trevorrow's \OzTeX{} \cite{Trevorrow:1999:OUG} is assumed, but
not of \Knuth's \TeX{} \cite{Knuth:1984:TB}.  Please send comments,
corrections and suggestions to \mailtoUrl{&#80;&#97;&#116;&#114;&#105;&#99;&#107;&#46;&#67;&#111;&#117;&#115;&#111;&#116;&#64;&#101;&#110;&#115;&#46;&#102;&#114;}.

\tableofcontents
\vfill
\bgroup\footnotesize
Adobe, 
Adobe Acrobat, 
Adobe Acrobat Distiller,
Adobe Acrobat Reader, 
ATM, 
Portable Document Format
and PostScript 
are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Apple 
and
Macintosh
are trademarks of Apple Computer Incorporated.
Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Unix is a registered trademark of Open Group.
\egroup

\newpage
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{\LaTeX{} user high-level selection of fonts}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\index{font!selection}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{\LaTeX{} type style and size}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
At high-level, \LaTeX{} describes a font (or ``fount'' in british
english) by\index{font!description}\index{fount|see{font}} a
\emph{type style}\index{typestyle@{type style}}
(\emph{family}\index{family}, \emph{series}\index{series} and
\emph{shape}\index{shape}) and a \emph{size}\index{size}:
\begin{description}

\item[family :]\index{family} \cmd{rmfamily}, \cmd{sffamily},
\cmd{ttfamily};

\item[series :]\index{series} \cmd{mdseries}, \cmd{bfseries};

\item[shape :]\index{shape} \cmd{upshape}, \cmd{itshape},
\cmd{slshape}, \cmd{scshape};

\item[size :]\index{size} \cmd{tiny} (5pt), \cmd{scriptsize} (7pt),
\cmd{footnotesize} (8pt), \cmd{small} (9pt), \cmd{normalsize} (10pt),
\cmd{large} (12pt), \cmd{Large} (14.4pt), \cmd{LARGE} (17.28pt),
\cmd{huge} (20.74pt), \cmd{Huge} (24.88pt).  The normal size (10pt)
can be changed by class options (\LaTeXoption{11pt},
\LaTeXoption{12pt}).

\end{description}
The \cmd{normalfont} command resets the family\index{family},
series\index{series} and shape\index{shape} to
default\index{font!default} \cmd{rmfamily}, \cmd{mdseries} and
\cmd{upshape}.  More details are given in
\CTAN{/macros/latex/base/fntguide.tex} \footnote{\CTAN{}
(Comprehensive \TeX{} Archive Network) stands for
\url{ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive},
\url{ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive},
\url{ftp://ftp.dante.de/pub/tex} or mirrors given in
\url{ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/CTAN.sites}} i.e.\
\Ozfile{:TeX:Inputs:LaTeX:base:fntguide.tex} \footnote{All path names
beginning with ``:'' are relative to the location of the \OzTeX{}
application.}, in particular for math fonts.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Default fonts}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\index{font!default}
Which fonts are ultimately used is determined by the document style
(as described in Sec.\ \ref{sec:hightolowlevelLaTeXfont} below),
unless packages are used to modify \LaTeX{} defaults.  In \LaTeX{}
standard styles (\LaTeXclass{article}, \LaTeXclass{report}, \LaTeXclass{book}),
the default fonts are\index{font!default}:
\begin{itemize}

\item \Knuth's ``cm'' (Computer Modern) fonts\index{cm@{``cm''
(Computer Modern)}};

\item or, if you say
\cmd{usepackage[T1]\{fontenc\}}\indexLaTeXpackageoption{T1}{fontenc},
the ``ec''\index{ec@{``ec'' (European Computer)}} (European Computer)
fonts.

\end{itemize}
The ``ec'' fonts\index{ec@{``ec'' (European Computer)}} are the ``cm''
fonts\index{cm@{``cm'' (Computer Modern)}} enriched with additional
accented letters (see the respective layouts\index{layout} on pages
\pageref{CMTextEncoding} and \pageref{ECEncoding}).  The default
fonts\index{font!default} can be easily changed by loading appropriate
packages.  For example\indexLaTeXpackage{em}:
\begin{quote}
    \cmd{usepackage\{em\}}
\end{quote}
will replace the ``ec'' fonts\index{ec@{``ec'' (European Computer)}}
by the \PostScript{} ``em''\index{em@{``em'' (European Computer)}}
fonts of \YandY{}.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Additional fonts}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Some packages implicitly make use of specific fonts, such as e.g.\ the
\LaTeX{} \Berryfont{lazy} font when declaring\indexLaTeXpackage{latexsym}:
\begin{quote}
    \cmd{usepackage\{latexsym\}}
\end{quote}
to use the \LaTeX{} symbols (see \cite[p.\ 43]{Lamport:1994:LDP} or 
\cite[p.\ 184]{Goossens:1994:LCb}) or the
\AMS{} fonts \cite{Graetzer:1999:FSL} when declaring\indexLaTeXpackage{amssymb}:
\begin{quote}
    \cmd{usepackage\{amssymb\}}
\end{quote}
to use the \AmS{}\index{font!ams@{\protect\AmS}} math symbols (see
\cite{Goossens:1994:LCb} on p.\ 221 and the following ones).

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{\OzTeX{} input files}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{ssec:texinputs}

\OzTeX{} needs to know where to read the \TeX{}/\LaTeX{} input
files\index{file!input} (such as the \Ozfile{fontenc.sty} and
\Ozfile{t1.enc} files used by the
\cmd{usepackage[T1]\{fontenc\}}\indexLaTeXpackageoption{T1}{fontenc}
declaration).  \OzTeX{} will scan a list of folders in the following
order:
\begin{enumerate}

\item the current folder of the \TeX{}/\LaTeX{} \Ozfile{.tex} source
file;

\item else, the folders indicated by \OzTeX{}'s configuration variable
\Ozconfvar{input_folders}.

\end{enumerate}
The default value of this configuration variable
\Ozconfvar{input_folders} is set-up in \OzTeX{} \Default{}
file:
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
input_folders = :TeX:Inputs:LaTeX:* :TeX:Inputs:Plain: |
                :TeX:Inputs:DVIPS: :TeX:Inputs:AMS-TeX:
\end{verbatim}
\egroup


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Modifying \OzTeX{} configuration variables}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{ssec:modifconfig}\index{configuration!variable}\index{variable!configuration \_}

The value of \Ozconfvar{input_folders} and of any other configuration
variable can be assigned/modified/updated in several ways (its
modification in \Default{} is possible but not recommended):
\begin{itemize}

\item in the \Local{} file which is read (after \Default{}) whenever
\OzTeX{} is launched (if present, the \Local{} file is also loaded
whenever \Ozmenu[Default] is selected from the \Ozmenu[Config] menu
or, equivalently, \Command{D} is pressed, which is identical to
restarting \OzTeX{});

\item in a configuration
file\index{configuration!file}\index{file!configuration} which is
loaded manually using \OzTeX{}'s \Ozmenu[Config] menu (the items at
the end of the \Ozmenu[Config] menu are listed in \OzTeX{}'s
\Ozconfvar{config_files} configuration
variable\index{configuration!variable}\index{variable!configuration
\_} and should correspond to standard configuration files stored in
the \Ozfile{:TeX:Configs:} folder or to local configuration files);

\item in a configuration
file\index{configuration!file}\index{file!configuration} named
\Ozconfile{LaTeX.config} located in the source file folder which is
loaded by \OzTeX{} when the {\small\texttt{.tex}} source file is
typeset and its very first line is:
\begin{quote}
\LaTeXformat
\end{quote}
(which forces \OzTeX{} to use the \LaTeXurl{LaTeX} format);

\item recursively, in another configuration
file\index{configuration!file}\index{file!configuration}, designated
by the value of the configuration variable \Ozconfvar{load_config}
found while \OzTeX{} is reading a configuration file;

\item as explained above but through an alias to a configuration file
\index{configuration!file!alias}.

\end{itemize}

The simplest way to modify a configuration variable is to use the
former (possibly empty) value \Ozvalue{c} and to append a new folder
as in e.g.:
\indexOzconfvar{current_app}
\indexOzconfvar{input_folders}
\indexOzvalue{c}
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
   current_app = OzTeX
   input_folders = :mytex:inputs:* $c
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
so \OzTeX{} will search all subfolders of the subfolder
\Ozfile{inputs} of the folder \Ozfile{mytex} located in the folder
containing \OzTeX{}.  If not found there, \OzTeX{} will go on in their
search as indicated by \Ozvalue{c} denoting the former value of
\Ozconfvar{input_folders}.  Duplicate strings are automatically
removed so the search will be done only once in a given folder.  If
you make an error while changing the configuration
files\index{configuration!file}\index{file!configuration} the only way
to reset the configuration variables to their default value is to
select \Ozmenu[Default>Config] or, equivalently, press \Command{D}
which is equivalent to restarting \OzTeX{}.  See \OzTeX{} manual
\cite{Trevorrow:1999:OUG} for full explanations.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Hyphenation}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\index{hyphenation}

The ``ec'' (European computer) fonts\index{ec@{``ec'' (European
Computer)}} allow for correct hyphenation of words containing accented
letters.  With standard \TeX{}, this is broken with the
``cm''\index{cm@{``cm'' (Computer Modern)}} (Computer Modern) fonts
since accented letters are composed characters (``\cmd{\'{}\{e\}}''
yields ``È'' as ``\'{}'' over ``e'').  Hyphenation may be correct only if
the input\index{file!input} itself is accented, as in \texttt{ÈËÍÎ}
not \cmd{\'{}\{e\}}\cmd{\`{}\{e\}}\cmd{\^{}\{e\}}\cmd{\"{}\{e\}}.  But
then the input encoding is no longer the 7 bit \ASCII{} code as
originally used by \TeX/\LaTeX.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Input encoding}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\index{encoding!input}\index{file!input}

But for the standard 7 bit \ASCII{} input encoding, \LaTeX{} should be
told which input encoding is used.  For the 8 bit Macintosh Roman
input encoding\index{encoding!macintosh@{Macintosh roman}}, the
preamble\index{preamble} declaration is
\cmd{usepackage[applemac]\{inputenc\}}\indexLaTeXpackageoption{applemac}{inputenc}.
 The freewares \kbseventoeight{} and \kbeighttoseven{} available at:
\begin{center}
\mbox{\url{ftp://ftp.supelec.fr/pub/cs/devMacFB/7-8bit-full-1.3.sea.bin}}
\end{center}
can also be used to make the input text conversion back and forth
automatically.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{\LaTeX{} low-level selection of fonts}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\index{font!selection}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Low-level fonts characteristics}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

At low-level, \LaTeX{} uses the so-called \emph{new font selection
scheme}\index{font!selectionscheme@{selection scheme}} (\NFSStwo{})
described in \cite[Ch.\
7]{Goossens:1994:LCb}\footnote{\CTAN{/macros/latex209/contrib/amslatex/fontsel/nfss.tex}
is outdated.} (\PSNFSS{} for \PostScript{} fonts, see \cite[Ch.\
10]{Goossens:1997:LGC},
\CTAN{/macros/latex/required/psnfss/psnfss2e.tex} or
\Ozfile{:TeX:Inputs:LaTeX:psnfss:psnfss2e.tex}).

A font is described by the following
attributes\index{font!description}:
\begin{description}

\item[encoding]\index{encoding}: \OTone{} (\Knuth), \Tone{} (\Cork{}),
\LYone{} (\YandY{}), \U{} (unknown), \OML{} (old math letters), \OMS{}
(old math symbols), \OMX{} (old math extension symbols)
\ldots\index{encoding!output};

\item[family]\index{family}: a 3(/4) letter shortname of the form STT
where S represents the supplier of the font (such as
\abbreviation{p}{\protect\PostScript{}/Adobe Systems,
Inc.}\index{adobe@{Adobe Systems Incorporated.}} and TT represents the
typeface/font family name (such as
\abbreviation{hv}{\protect\Helvetica{}});

\item[size]\index{size}: a pair of two numbers (in points) or two
numbers with units
(\abbreviation{pt}{point}, 
\abbreviation{pc}{pica}, 
\abbreviation{in}{inch},
\abbreviation{bp}{big point}, 
\abbreviation{cm}{centimeter}, 
\abbreviation{mm}{millimeter}, 
\abbreviation{dd}{didot point},
\abbreviation{cc}{cicero}, 
\abbreviation{sp}{scaled point}, 
as explained in the \TeX{}book \cite[p.\ 57]{Knuth:1984:TB} or the
\LaTeX{}book \cite[p.\ 215]{Lamport:1994:LDP}) indicating a
\emph{size}\index{size} and a \emph{baseline
skip}\index{baselineskip@{baseline skip}} (also called
``leading''\index{leading|see{baseline skip}}, measuring the distance
between the baselines of succeeding lines);

\item[series]\index{series}: a \textit{weight}\index{weight} followed
by a \textit{width}\index{width} (with \LaTeXurl{m} dropped but in
\LaTeXurl{mm} which is \LaTeXurl{m}):

\begin{description}

\item[\textit{weight}]\index{weight}: 
\abbreviation{ul}{ultra light}, 
\abbreviation{el}{extra light}, 
\abbreviation{l}{light}, 
\abbreviation{sl}{semi light},
\abbreviation{m}{medium/normal}, 
\abbreviation{sb}{semi bold}, 
\abbreviation{b}{bold}, 
\abbreviation{eb}{extra bold}, 
\abbreviation{ub}{ultra bold};

\item[\textit{width}]\index{width}: 
\abbreviation{uc}{ultra condensed 50\%}, 
\abbreviation{ec}{extra condensed 62.5\%}, 
\abbreviation{c}{condensed 75\%}, 
\abbreviation{sc}{semi condensed 87.5\%}, 
\abbreviation{m}{medium/normal 100\%}, 
\abbreviation{sx}{semi expanded 112.5\%}, 
\abbreviation{x}{expanded 125\%}, 
\abbreviation{ex}{extra expanded 150\%},
\abbreviation{ux}{ultra expanded 200\%};

\end{description}

\item[shape :]\index{shape} 
\abbreviation{n}{upright/normal}, 
\abbreviation{it}{italic},
\abbreviation{sl}{slanted}, 
\abbreviation{sc}{small caps}, 
\abbreviation{ui}{upright italic}, 
\abbreviation{ol}{outline};

\item[external font :] a font name \ffff{}.  When using \Berry{}'s
filenames for \TeX{} fonts (see \CTAN{/info/fontname/fontname.html})
the font name \ffff{} has the form ``\LaTeXurl{S TT W [V...]  [N] [E]
[DD]}'' where:

\begin{description}

\item[\ttfamily S] represents the supplier\index{supplier} of the font,

\item[\ttfamily TT] represents the typeface/font family name\index{family}, 

\item[\ttfamily W] represents the weight\index{weight}:
\abbreviation{a}{thin hairline},
\abbreviation{b}{bold}, 
\abbreviation{c}{black}, 
\abbreviation{d}{demi}, 
\abbreviation{h}{heavy/heavyface},
\abbreviation{j}{extralight},
\abbreviation{k}{book},
\abbreviation{l}{light}, 
\abbreviation{m}{medium},
\abbreviation{p}{poster},
\abbreviation{r}{regular/roman},
\abbreviation{s}{semibold}, 
\abbreviation{u}{ultra/ultrablack} or 
\abbreviation{x}{extrabold/extrablack},

\item[\ttfamily V...]  represents the variant(s)\index{variant}, and
is omitted if both it and the width\index{width} are normal.  Many
fonts have more than one variant,

\item[\ttfamily N] represents the encoding\index{encoding!output}, and
is omitted if the encoding is nonstandard,

\item[\ttfamily E] represents the width\index{width} ("expansion"),
and is omitted if it is normal,

\item[\ttfamily DD] represents the design size\index{size} (in
decimal), and is omitted if the font is linearly scaled.

\end{description}

\end{description}
The main variants/encodings\index{variant}\index{encoding!output} are\index{encoding!output}:
\begin{description}

\item[\sevent]\index{encoding!output}: 7-bit \TeX{} text encoding (as
in Computer Modern Roman\index{cm@{``cm'' (Computer Modern)}}), \LaTeX{} \OTone{}, as described by vector
\CMTextEncodingVector{} in the file
\CTAN{/fonts/utilities/vplutils/encodings/CMtext.enc} (see page
\pageref{CMTextEncoding});
 
\item[\eightt]\index{encoding!output}: 8-bit \Cork{} aka
EC\index{ec@{``ec'' (European Computer)}}, \TeX{} Latin 1, extended
\TeX{} text encoding, \LaTeX{} \Tone{}, as described by vector
\ECEncodingVector{} in file
\CTAN{/fonts/utilities/vplutils/encodings/EC.enc} \footnote{The
previous version \DCEncodingVector{} in
\CTAN{/fonts/utilities/vplutils/encodings/DC.enc} is similar but for
\LaTeXurl{/.notdef} replaced by \LaTeXurl{/visiblespace} in position
32.} or by vector \ExtendedTeXEncodingVector{} in the file
\CTAN{/fonts/utilities/vplutils/encodings/extex.enc} (see page
\pageref{ECEncoding});

\item[\eightr{}]\index{encoding!output}: 8-bit \TeX{} Base 1 encoding
(\index{raw!encoding}\index{encoding!raw@{raw \_}}``raw'' encoding of
the \textsc{psnfss} encoding), as described by vector
\TeXBaseoneEncodingVector{} in files
\CTAN{/info/fontname/8r.enc}\indexeightr,
\CTAN{/macros/latex/required/psnfss/8r.enc}, etc (see page
\pageref{TeXBaseOneEncoding});

\item[\eighty]\index{encoding!output}: 8-bit \YandY{} TeX 'n ANSI
encoding, \LaTeX{} \LYone{}, as described by vector
\TeXnANSIEncodingVector{} in file \Ozfile{TEXNANSI.ENC} (distributed
by \YandY{}) and \Ozfile{:Extras:Y&Y:LY1:encodings:dvips:TEXNANSI.ENC}
(see page \pageref{TeXnAnsiEncoding}).

\end{description}
The current values of the font attributes are recorded in internal
macros which should never be directly modified
(\fat{encoding}\index{encoding!output},
\fat{family}\index{family}, \fat{series}\index{series},
\fat{shape}\index{shape}, \fat{size}\index{size} and
\fat{baselineskip}\index{baselineskip@{baseline skip}}).

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Output encodings}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\index{encoding!output}

Apart from the above font encodings, there are many others.  In
general the font encodings for \LaTeX{}, the screen and the printer
are different so conversions from one encoding to another may be
needed for visualizing the typeset text (see Sec.\
\ref{ssse:fontreencoding}).  Apart from \TeX{} math encodings (\OML{},
\OMS{}, \OMX{}), the main other encodings are:
\begin{description}

\item[\TeX{} Text Companion Symbols 1
Encoding]\index{encoding!output}: 8-bit \LaTeX{} \TSone{},
\CTAN{/fonts/psfonts/ts1/textcomp.tex} (later merged with
\CTAN{/macros/latex/unpacked/fontenc.sty}) containing text symbols for
use with \Tone{}-encoded text fonts (see page
\pageref{TSoneEncoding}).  This encoding is enabled by
\cmd{usepackage\{textcomp\}}\indexLaTeXpackage{textcomp};

\item[Macintosh Roman Encoding]\index{encoding!output}\index{encoding!macintosh@{Macintosh roman}}: 8-bit Apple
standard encoding of Macintosh keyboard and screen fonts (see page
\pageref{MacintoshRomanEncoding});

\item[Adobe Standard
Encoding]\index{encoding!output}\index{encoding!adobe@{Adobe
standard}}\index{adobe@{Adobe Systems Incorporated.}}: 8-bit encoding
of \PostScript{} fonts \cite{Adobe:1985:PLR} (used in \Ozfile{.afm}
files, see Sec.\ \ref{AFM2TFM}), as described by vector
\StandardEncodingVector{} in the file
\CTAN{/fonts/utilities/vplutils/encodings/standard.enc} (see page
\pageref{AdobeStandardEncoding});

\item[ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1)
encoding]\index{encoding!output}\index{encoding!latin1@{ISO 8859-1
(Latin-1)}}: 8-bit encoding (e.g.\ for Unix) described by vector
\ISOLatinOneEncodingVector{} in the file
\CTAN{/fonts/utilities/vplutils/encodings/isolatin1.enc} (see page
\pageref{ISOLatinOneEncoding}).

\end{description}
More information about \LaTeX{} encodings\index{encoding!output} can be found by typesetting
\CTAN{/macros/latex/base/ltoutenc.dtx}.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Font selection}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\index{font!selection}

A font can be used after a declaration in the preamble\index{preamble}
(before \cmd{begin\{document\}}):%
\indexcmd{DeclareFontFamily}%
\indexcmd{DeclareFontShape}%
\index{"<-">@{\protect\LaTeXurl{<->}}}%
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    \DeclareFontFamily{T1}{phv}{} % helvetica with T1 encoding
    \DeclareFontShape{T1}{phv}{m}{n}{<-> phvr8t}{}
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
followed by selection commands in the document body:
\indexcmd{fontencoding}
\indexcmd{fontfamily}
\indexcmd{fontsize}
\indexcmd{fontseries}
\indexcmd{fontshape}
\indexcmd{selectfont}
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    {\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{phv}\fontsize{10}{12}%
    \fontseries{m}\fontshape{n}\selectfont ...}
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
\begingroup\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{phv}\fontsize{10}{12}%
\fontseries{m}\fontshape{n}\selectfont After such a selection command,
the text will be in regular Helvetica, 10 points on 12 points
(assuming that \Berryfont{phvr8t} refers to the \Tone{} encoded regular
Helvetica font).  As shown above, the scope of the font selection
command can be limited by brackets.\endgroup
The \Helvetica{} font looks larger than other typefaces at the same 
size, so it can be scaled down\index{font!scaling}, as in:
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    \DeclareFontFamily{T1}{phv}{} % helvetica with T1 encoding
    \DeclareFontShape{T1}{phv}{m}{n}{<-> [0.92] phvr8t}{}
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
\DeclareFontFamily{T1}{qhv}{}% helvetica with T1 encoding
\DeclareFontShape{T1}{qhv}{m}{n}{<-> [0.92] phvr8t}{}%
\begingroup\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{qhv}\fontsize{10}{12}%
\fontseries{m}\fontshape{n}\selectfont Here is an example
of 0.92 scaled regular Helvetica font.\endgroup

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{\texttt{.fd} files}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\index{font!selection}\index{font!description}

The previous method is unusual since the most common font declarations
are grouped in \Ozfile{.fd} font description files
\footnote{\protect\Ozfile{.fd} font description files are most often
generated from \protect\Ozfile{.fdd} files using a
\protect\Ozfile{.ins} installation script.  Typesetting the
\protect\Ozfile{.fdd} file often provides explanations on the use of
the generated \protect\Ozfile{.fd} files.}.  So if a font selection
command\index{font!selection} appears in the \Ozfile{.tex} source body
without corresponding font declaration in the
preamble\index{preamble}, then \LaTeX{} will take the font
encoding\index{encoding!output} \LaTeXurl{FE} and family\index{family}
\LaTeXurl{FF} and look for a file named \LaTeXurl{FEFF.fd} to get the
missing declarations.

For example the font selection (where \LaTeXurl{FE} = \Tone{} and
\LaTeXurl{FF} = \LaTeXurl{ppl}):
\indexcmd{fontencoding}
\indexcmd{fontfamily}
\indexcmd{fontsize}
\indexcmd{fontseries}
\indexcmd{fontshape}
\indexcmd{selectfont}
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    \fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{ppl}\fontsize{3mm}{4mm}%
    \fontseries{m}\fontshape{n}\selectfont
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
will load the \Ozfile{t1ppl.fd} file (as recorded in the
\Ozfile{.log} file).  This
\CTAN{/fonts/psfonts/adobe/palatino/tex/t1ppl.fd} i.e.\
\Ozfile{:TeX:Inputs:LaTeX:psnfss:t1ppl.fd} file is (excerpt):
\indexcmd{ProvidesFile}
\indexcmd{DeclareFontFamily}
\indexcmd{DeclareFontShape}
\indexcmd{endinput}
\bgroup\small
\index{"<-">@{\protect\LaTeXurl{<->}}}%
\begin{verbatim}
    \ProvidesFile{t1ppl.fd}
       [1998/07/06 Fontinst v1.800 font definitions for T1/ppl.]
    \DeclareFontFamily{T1}{ppl}{}
    \DeclareFontShape{T1}{ppl}{m}{n}{<-> pplr8t}{}
    ...
    \endinput
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
\begingroup
The \LaTeX{} font selection\index{font!selection} command will
utimately translate to \TeX{} font selection command (something like
\makeatletter\cmd{pplrfont=pplr8t at
10pt}\cmd{pplrfont}\makeatother).

\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{ppl}\fontseries{m}\fontshape{n}%
\fontsize{3mm}{4mm}\selectfont\indexPalatino
After this selection command\index{font!selection}, the text will be
in \Berryfont{pplr8t} font, 3mm on 4mm, provided the corresponding
external font (regular Palatino) is properly selected, on screen (see
Sec.\ \ref{sec:OzTeXfontstoscreen}) and in print (see Sec.\
\ref{sec:OzTeXfontstoprinter}).
\endgroup

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{From input to \TeX{}/TFM glyph codes}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{inputtotfmglyphs}

\TeX{} does not understand its input as characters but as
glyph\index{glyph} codes/slots\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}}, where
(when you say \cmd{font}\cmd{fontffff=ffff at 10pt}\cmd{fontffff}) the
\TeX{}/TFM glyph's characteristics should be found externally (in file
\ffff{.tfm}).  Then a device dependent mechanism, whence external to
\TeX{}, will determine which actual character/image or \emph{glyph}
\index{glyph} should be displayed/printed.  First we must understand
how \LaTeX{} translates the input file into \TeX{}/TFM glyph
codes/slots\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} for \TeX{} (and later how
the glyphs are displayed or printed).

The
\cmd{usepackage[applemac]\{inputenc\}}\indexLaTeXpackageoption{applemac}{inputenc}
specifies the encoding of the \Ozfile{.tex} input \LaTeX{} source
file\index{encoding!input}.  This loads the \Ozfile{applemac.def} file
which defines to which \TeX{} command corresponds each input
character.  For example \CTAN{/macros/latex/unpacked/applemac.def}
i.e.\ \Ozfile{:TeX:Inputs:LaTeX:base:applemac.def} contains (excerpt):
\indexcmd{DeclareInputText}
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    \DeclareInputText{148}{\^\i}
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
This says that the Macintosh character of
code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} 148 should be translated to
``\cmd{\^{}}\cmd{i}''.  This Macintosh character is \^\i{} (typed as
\Option{I} or \^{} followed by i on the french keyboard), as you can
see on page
\pageref{MacintoshRomanEncoding}\index{encoding!macintosh@{Macintoshroman}}.  
Now the \cmd{usepackage[T1]\{fontenc\}}\indexLaTeXpackageoption{T1}{fontenc}
will load the \Ozfile{t1enc.def} file specifying the corresponding
\TeX{}/TFM glyph code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} corresponding
to the ``\cmd{\^{}}\cmd{i}'' command, as shown by the following
excerpt:
\indexcmd{DeclareFontEncoding}
\indexcmd{DeclareTextComposite}
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
   \DeclareFontEncoding{T1}{}{}
   \DeclareTextComposite{\^}{T1}{\i}{238}
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
The code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} 238 = \Hexadecimal{EE}
(hexadecimal) corresponds to the \^\i{} glyph in the \Tone{} encoding
layout\index{layout} as given on page \pageref{ECEncoding}.  By
composition of the two mappings, typing the keyboard character will input
the glyph of \TeX{}/TFM character of
code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} ``238''.

Formally if we write \applemacRE{} for the map from keyboard to
\LaTeX{} commands performed by \Ozfile{inputenc.sty} and \toneencRE{}
for the map from \LaTeX{} commands to \TeX{}/TFM
code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} performed by
\Ozfile{fontenc.sty}, the \TeX{}/TFM glyph
code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} for the input character of
Macintosh code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} $c$ is
$\toneencRE(\applemacRE(c))$\index{encoding!macintosh@{Macintosh
roman}}.  

This input remapping is bypassed by \cmd{symbol\{$n$\}} which directly
enters the \TeX{}/TFM glyph of code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}}
``$n$''.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{\texttt{.tfm} files}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{ssec:tfmfiles}

Whenever the \LaTeX{} source \Ozfile{.tex} file instructs \TeX{} to
place a character within some font \ffff{} (e.g.\
\Berryfont{phvr8t}) on a page as explained above, \TeX{} needs to know
some information on the corresponding glyph/character (such as a
bounding box but not its actual design).  This information is provided
in a \ffff{.tfm} file (e.g.\ \Ozfile{phvr8t.tfm}). For example the
file \Ozfile{phvr8t.tfm} is available (in binary) on
\CTAN{/fonts/psfonts/adobe/helvetic/tfm/phvr8t.tfm}
and \Ozfile{:TeX:TFM:PS:phvr8t.tfm}.  Notice that
glyphs in \Ozfile{.tfm} files are referenced by their code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} so there
are different \Ozfile{.tfm} files for the different font encodings\index{encoding!output}. 
For example (more information on page 13 of
\CTAN{/fonts/utilities/fontinst/doc/fontinst.dvi}):
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{l|l}\hline
\ttfamily phvr.tfm   & \TeX{} Base 1 encoding + \dvips{} encoding \\
\ttfamily phvr7t.tfm & 7-bit \TeX{} text encoding, \LaTeX{} \OTone{}\indexsevent; \\ 
\ttfamily phvr8c.tfm & \TeX{} text companion symbols 1, \LaTeX{} \TSone{}\\
\ttfamily phvr8r.tfm & 8-bit \TeX{} Base 1 encoding \\
\ttfamily phvr8t.tfm & 8-bit Extended \TeX{} font encoding -- latin, \LaTeX{} \Tone{}\\\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
It may happen that \Ozfile{.tfm} are distributed under the same name
for different encodings\index{encoding!output}.  This is the case for
\YandY{} Lucida Bright where different \Ozfile{lbr.tfm} files are
distributed in three folders: ``Adobe
StandardEncoding''\index{encoding!adobe@{Adobe
standard}}\index{adobe@{Adobe Systems Incorporated.}}, ``TeX 'n ANSI''
(\LaTeX{} \LYone{}) and ``Macintosh
Standard''\index{encoding!macintosh@{Macintosh roman}}.  To determine
which ones to use, \OzTeX{} first looks in the current folder and then
in the list of folders defined by the configuration variable
\Ozconfvar{tfm_folders}.  Its default value in \Default{} is:
\indexOzconfvar{tfm_folders}
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim} 
    tfm_folders = :TeX:TFM:*
\end{verbatim} 
\egroup\noindent
This \Ozconfvar{tfm_folders} configuration variable can be modified as
explained in Sec.\ \ref{ssec:modifconfig}. 

Which encoding is used in a \ffff{.tfm} file can be determined by
conversion to a \ffff{.pl} file by \OzMF{}
\Ozmenu[Tools>TFtoPL...]\index{encoding!output}.  In such a property
list file, the encoding is explicit, for
example\index{encoding!output}\index{encoding!adobe@{Adobe
standard}}\index{adobe@{Adobe Systems Incorporated.}}:
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim} 
    (CODINGSCHEME ADOBE STANDARDENCODING) 
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{\texttt{.dvi} file}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

The typesetting of the \LaTeX{} \Ozfile{.tex} source yields a \TeX{}
\Ozfile{.dvi} file where the position/coordinate of each
glyph/character on a page is recorded together with the corresponding
external font name and the glyph code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} within that font.  From this
information, \OzTeX{} will be able to display the \Ozfile{.dvi} file
on the screen and in print (see Sec.\ \ref{sec:OzTeXfontstoscreen}
and \ref{sec:OzTeXfontstoprinter}).


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{\LaTeX{} translation from high-level to low-level font
selection}%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{sec:hightolowlevelLaTeXfont}\index{font!selection}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Defaults}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\LaTeX{} establishes the correspondence between high level font
commands (such as \cmd{rmfamily}) and low level ones (such as
\cmd{fontfamily}) in terms of defaults\index{font!default}.  For
example, \cmd{rmfamily} and \cmd{normalfont} are (approximately)
defined as:
\indexcmd{encodingdefault}
\indexcmd{familydefault}
\indexcmd{fontencoding}
\indexcmd{fontfamily}
\indexcmd{fontseries}
\indexcmd{fontshape}
\indexcmd{normalfont}
\indexcmd{rmdefault}
\indexcmd{rmfamily}
\indexcmd{selectfont}
\indexcmd{seriesdefault}
\indexcmd{shapedefault}
\index{font!default}
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    \newcommmand{\rmfamily}{...\fontfamily\rmdefault\selectfont}
    \newcommmand{\normalfont}{\fontencoding{\encodingdefault}%
          \fontfamily{\familydefault}\fontseries{\seriesdefault}%
          \fontshape{\shapedefault}\selectfont}
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
By default\index{font!default} these are:
\begin{center}
    \begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c}
        \cmd{encodingdefault} & \cmd{familydefault} & \cmd{seriesdefault} & \cmd{shapedefault}
        \\\hline
        \OTone{} & \cmd{rmdefault} & \LaTeXurl{m} & \LaTeXurl{n}
    \end{tabular}
\end{center}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Changing the defaults}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Changing the default value of \cmd{rmdefault} will change the main
body font of the document\index{font!default}.  For example
\Ozfile{slides.cls} has:
\indexcmd{rmdefault}
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    \def\rmdefault{lcmss}         % no roman
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
while \CTAN{/macros/latex/required/psnfss/times.sty} is simply:
\indexcmd{rmdefault}%
\indexcmd{sfdefault}%
\indexcmd{ttdefault}%
\index{font!default}%
\index{adobe@{Adobe Systems Incorporated.}}%
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    \renewcommand{\rmdefault}{ptm}% Adobe Times
    \renewcommand{\sfdefault}{phv}% Adobe Helvetica
    \renewcommand{\ttdefault}{pcr}% Adobe Courier
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
The font sizes\index{size} are set up by the style files (e.g.
\Ozfile{size12.clo} for
\cmd{documentclass[12pt]\{article\}}\indexLaTeXclass{article}\indexLaTeXoption{12pt}).
                  
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Which font glyphs \OzTeX{} is going to render on screen?}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{sec:OzTeXfontstoscreen}
\OzTeX{} is in charge of previewing the \Ozfile{.dvi} file on screen.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Default screen font rendering for TeX{} and \MF{} fonts}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{MFscreenfonts}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{OzMF}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

If you do not say otherwise in \OzTeX{} configuration
files\index{configuration!file}\index{file!configuration}, \OzTeX{}
will use \OzMF{} (\Knuth's \MF{}) to generate on demand the
bitmaps\index{bitmap}\index{font!bitmap} to be displayed for the
glyphs/characters of external font \ffff{} on screen.  \OzMF{} will
look for a file \ffff{.mf} where the glyph encoding (\OTone{} for
``cm''\index{cm@{``cm'' (Computer Modern)}}, \Tone{} for ``ec'') is
wired and the shape is described.  \OzMF{} will produce a temporary
\ffff{.gf} file used by \MakeTeXPK{} to produce a
bitmap\index{bitmap}\index{font!bitmap} \emph{packed
pixel}\index{packedpixel@{packed pixel}} file \ffffdddpk{ddd} which is
used directly by \OzTeX{} to render the glyph/character on screen (and
in print).  This bitmap\index{bitmap}\index{font!bitmap} represents
the glyph\index{glyph!image} as a matrix of white and black pixels for
the screen (or printer) resolution\index{resolution}.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{Which fonts are actually used?}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

You can check which fonts are actually used in the \Ozfile{.dvi}
window by pressing \Command{I} (or selecting \OzTeX{}
\Ozmenu[View>Page Info] menu, showing the fonts used, and where the
\Ozfile{.pk} files are coming from).

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{Keyboard to screen character mapping}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Usually the glyph appearing on screen and in print will be the one
typed on the keyboard, but there are surprises.  For example, with the
\OTone{} encoding, typing
\LaTeXurl{$<$}\index{"<@{\protect \LaTeXurl {<}}} yields
{\fontencoding{OT1}\selectfont$<$}\index{"<@{\protect \LaTeXurl {<}}}
while in text \LaTeXurl{<}\index{"<@{\protect \LaTeXurl {<}}} yields
{\fontencoding{OT1}\selectfont<}, a beginner's error!  However with
the \Tone{} encoding, the text \LaTeXurl{<} yields
<\index{"<@{\protect \LaTeXurl {<}}}, as expected.

The explanation is simple.  The Macintosh
code\index{encoding!macintosh@{Macintosh roman}} for the keyboard key
$<$\index{"<@{\protect \LaTeXurl {<}}} is 220.  The input is reencoded
into \TeX{} encoding as $\otoneencRE(\applemacRE(220)) = 60$.  The
glyph of decimal code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} 60 (074 is
octal, \Hexadecimal{3C} in hexadecimal) in ``cm''\index{cm@{``cm''
(Computer Modern)}} is {\fontencoding{OT1}\selectfont<} as shown by
layout\index{layout} on page \pageref{CMTextEncoding}.  The same way
$\toneencRE(\applemacRE(220)) = 60$ but the glyph of
code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} 60 in ``ec''\index{ec@{``ec''
(European Computer)}} is
{\fontencoding{T1}\selectfont<}\index{"<@{\protect \LaTeXurl {<}}} as
shown on page \pageref{ECEncoding}\index{encoding!output}.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{Resolution}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\index{resolution}
The number $ddd$ in the file name file \ffffdddpk{ddd} is the font
size\index{size}/resolution\index{resolution} as determined by the
parameters:\index{mode!viewing}
\indexOzconfvar{viewing_resolution}
\indexOzconfvar{viewing_mode}
\indexOzfile{ljfour}
\begingroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
viewing_resolution  = 600
viewing_mode        = ljfour
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
of \OzTeX{} configuration 
files\index{configuration!file}\index{file!configuration}. The
default is\index{mode!viewing}:
\indexOzconfvar{viewing_resolution}
\indexOzconfvar{viewing_mode}
\indexOzfile{laserwriter}
\begingroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
viewing_resolution  = 300
viewing_mode        = laserwriter
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
The \Ozconfvar{viewing_mode}\index{mode!viewing} string is passed from \OzTeX{} to \MF{}
to make missing \ffffdddpk{ddd} fonts.


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{\MF{} \texttt{.mf} files}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

The place where \OzMF{} should look for file \ffff{.mf} is
indicated by line:
\indexOzconfvar{input_folders}
\begingroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    input_folders  = :MF:Inputs:*
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
of file \Ozfile{:MF:Configs:Default}.  This can be adjusted
as explained in Sec.\ \ref{ssec:modifconfig}.

The \Ozfile{.mf} files are provided with the \OzTeX{} distribution
in \Ozfile{:MF:Inputs:*}.  The missing ones are available on \CTAN{}.
For example you have \Ozfile{:MF:Inputs:EC:ecrm.mf} or
\CTAN{/fonts/ec/src/ecrm.mf}.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{\texttt{.pk} files}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\Ozfile{.pk} files are produced by \OzMF{} on demand of \OzTeX{} and
saved to disk for later use.  The place where \Ozfile{.pk} files
should go is given by the line:
\indexOzconfvar{pk_file}
\begingroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
pk_file        = ":New PKs:%m:%f.%dpk"   (used by MakeTeXPK)
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
of file \Ozfile{:MF:Configs:Default}, where:
\begin{center}
\index{"%m@{\protect\small\protect\texttt{\percentchar m}}}%
\index{"%f@{\protect\small\protect\texttt{\percentchar f}}}%
\index{"%d@{\protect\small\protect\texttt{\percentchar d}}}%
\index{mode}%
\begin{tabular}{l@{\ }l}
   \small\texttt{\percentchar m} & is replaced by the mode (e.g.\ \Ozfile{laserwriter});\\
   \small\texttt{\percentchar f} & is replaced by the desired font name (e.g.\ \LaTeXurl{cmr10});\\
   \small\texttt{\percentchar d} & is replaced by the desired font size (e.g.\ \LaTeXurl{360});
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
(see the \textbf{PK files} section of \OzTeX{} manual
\cite{Trevorrow:1999:OUG} and the \textbf{Files and folders} section
in \Ozfile{:MF:Configs:Default}).  \OddJobs{} can be used to sort
\Ozfile{.pk} files into the subfolders by sizes\index{size}. 
\Ozfile{.pk} files can always be trashed without damage since they
will be regenerated when needed.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{Making \texttt{.tfm} files (from \texttt{.afm}
files)}%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{AFM2TFM}

The \textbf{Creating new TFM files} section of \OzTeX{} user manual
\cite{Trevorrow:1999:OUG} explains how to make \Ozfile{.tfm} files. 
In particular \OzMF{} integrates the tool \Ozmenu[AFM2TFM] for
generating the \Ozfile{.tfm} files from the \Ozfile{.afm}
\index{adobe@{Adobe Systems Incorporated.}}Adobe Type 1 metric
information in \ASCII{} format.  The \Ozfile{.tfm} files found on
\CTAN{} are often more accurate and should be preferred if available
(to be downloaded in binary mode).


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Screen font rendering for \PostScript{} fonts}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{\PostScript{} fonts have no \texttt{.mf} file}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

For non-\TeX{} fonts \ffff{} there is no \ffff{.mf}
file.  So (if there is also no \ffff{.vf} file, see Sec.\
\ref{virtualfonts}), \OzTeX{} will call \OzMF{} which will complain
because no \ffff{.mf} file, e.g.\ \Ozfile{phvr8t.mf}, can be
found:
\bgroup\small
\indexOzfile{ljfour}\index{mode}
\begin{verbatim}
   This is METAFONT, Version 2.718
   **&MakeTeXPK \mode:=ljfour;mag:=magstep(0.0);scrollmode;input phvr8t
   
   ! I can't find file "phvr8t".
   <*> ...r;mag:=magstep(0.0);scrollmode;input phvr8t
                                                     
   Please type another input file name: 
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
(just stop \OzMF{} by pressing \Command{.} and \Ozmenu[Cancel] the
call of \OzTeX{} to \OzMF{}).

This is because \Berryfont{phvr8t} is a \PostScript{} font which is
rendered with a completely different mechanism on screen and in print.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{Screen and \PostScript{} fonts}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

For \PostScript{} fonts you should have the screen fonts (in a font
folder (so called \emph{suitcase}\index{suitcase}) such as
\includegraphics[scale=0.333]{helvetica.eps}) and the printer fonts
(such as \includegraphics[scale=0.333]{helve.eps}, unless the font is
preloaded in the printer, which is the case for \Helvetica{}, or
\Ozfile{.pfa}/\Ozfile{.pfb} files are used, see Sec.\
\ref{sec:psfontsformats}).

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{Macintosh screen fonts}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

The Macintosh fonts come in two main formats\index{font!format}:
\begin{description}
    
    \item[Bitmapped fonts]\index{bitmap}\index{font!bitmap} : at a given size\index{size}
    (with icons such as \includegraphics[scale=0.333]{Helvetica-bm.eps});
    Bitmapped fonts represent each character as a rectangular grid of
    pixels at a particular size\index{size} and
    resolution\index{resolution}.  The bitmap\index{bitmap}\index{font!bitmap} for each
    character indicates precisely what pixels should be on and off;
    
    \item[TrueType fonts] : these are scalable/resolution-independent
    outline\index{outline}\index{font!outline}\index{font!scalable} fonts (with icons such as 
    \includegraphics[scale=0.333]{Helvetica-tt.eps}) representing each character mathematically as B-spline
    curves, and `hints'.

\end{description}
\OzTeX{} will make the best choice.  If only bitmapped fonts are
available\index{bitmap}\index{font!bitmap}, \ATM{} will render them in a nicer way (i.e.
\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{@smooth.eps} instead of
\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{@bitmap.eps}).

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{The Adobe Type Manager (ATM) font rasterizer}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

These screen fonts are better rendered on screen with \ATMLite{}, and
should be in the system font folder/suitcase\index{suitcase} (the commercial \ATMDeluxe{} allows
for the placement of fonts outside the system font folder/suitcase\index{suitcase} with font
loading on demand so as to bypass the limitation of the ``Fonts''
system subfolder to 128 fonts, see \cite{LopezValencia:1999:ozfonts}).

The general preferences of the \ATM{} rasterizer should include
``\textbf{Preserve} Character shapes'' and ``Precision Character
Positioning'' (otherwise some fonts might look dismantled).

Some fonts such as the \PostScript{} 
``em''\index{em@{``em'' (European Computer)}} 
fonts of \YandY{} require \ATM{} to be rendered on screen. 
The \Ozfile{LWFN} PostScript font files should be in the same folder
as the screen font suitcases since otherwise the glyphs will appear as
rough bitmaps on screen (which is the case for the \AmS{} math glyphs
if \Ozfile{EUEX10}, \ldots, \Ozfile{MSBM7} are not in the same folder
as the ``\Ozfile{AMS/PS screen fonts}'' suitcase\index{suitcase}\index{font!ams@{\protect\AmS}}
and idem for the \LaTeX{} symbols if \Ozfile{LASY10}, \ldots, \Ozfile{LINEW10} are not in the same folder
as the ``\Ozfile{LaTeX Screen Fonts}'' suitcase\index{suitcase}) or
even as little black square boxes (which is the case for the
``em''\index{em@{``em'' (European Computer)}} glyphs if
\Ozfile{EMB10}, \ldots, \Ozfile{EMVTT10} are not in the same folder as
the ``\Ozfile{EM Math Screen}'' and ``\Ozfile{EM Text Screen}''
suitcases\index{suitcase}).

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{Screen font mapping specification}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{sssec:screenfontspec}

For \PostScript{} fonts, \OzTeX{} must be told which screen fonts
should be used for the preview of the \LaTeX{}/TFM fonts \ffff{} in the
\Ozfile{.dvi} file.  This is done in \OzTeX{} configuration files (the
printer font is useless here, the style is
\abbreviation{b}{bold},
\abbreviation{i}{italic}, 
\abbreviation{u}{underline}, 
\abbreviation{o}{outline}, 
\abbreviation{s}{shadow}, 
\abbreviation{c}{condense} and/or 
\abbreviation{e}{extend}):
\indexOzconfvar{add_fonts}
\indexOzconfvar{end_fonts}
\indexBerryfont{phvr8t}
\indexBerryfont{phvb8t}
\indexBerryfont{phvro8t}
\indexBerryfont{phvbo8t}
\begingroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
  add_fonts
  % TFM     Printer font           Screen font  Encoding   Style
  phvr8t    Helvetica              Helvetica    MacT1.enc 
  phvb8t    Helvetica-Bold         Helvetica    MacT1.enc  b
  phvro8t   Helvetica-Oblique      Helvetica    MacT1.enc  i
  phvbo8t   Helvetica-BoldOblique  Helvetica    MacT1.enc  bi
  ...
  end_fonts
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
So the \TeX{} font \Berryfont{phvr8t} will use the Macintosh screen
\Helvetica{} font.  

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{Default and customized configuration files}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{sssec:configurationfiles}%
\index{configuration!file}\index{file!configuration}%

The font mapping specification can be placed in any configuration
file\index{configuration!file}\index{file!configuration}, as already
explained in Sec.\ \ref{ssec:modifconfig}.  Here are a few
alternatives:
\begin{enumerate}
\item
If the screen font specification is not given in the \Default{} or
\Local{} configuration
file\index{configuration!file}\index{file!configuration}, then, before
typesetting, one may have to select the \OzTeX{} menu
\Ozmenu[Config>Add \ldots fonts] (such as ``Add CM/PS fonts'' which
loads the ``\LaTeXurl{:TeX:Configs:}{\small\texttt{Add CM-PS Fonts}}''
file specifying that \PostScript{} fonts should be used for
``cm''\index{cm@{``cm'' (Computer Modern)}}).
\item
This manual configuration
file\index{configuration!file}\index{file!configuration} loading can
be made automatic before each typesetting by creating an alias
\Ozconfile{LaTeX.config} of \LaTeXurl{:TeX:Configs:}{\small\texttt{Add
CM/PS Fonts}} in the source folder and adding the first line
``{\small\texttt{\%\&LaTeX}}'' to that source.
\item
However an alias allows only for one configuration file so a more
general solution is to have \Ozconfile{LaTeX.config} contains:
\indexOzconfvar{load_config}
\begingroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    load_config = ":TeX:Configs:Add CM/PS Fonts"
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup
\item
To keep \Local{} short, the \Ozconfile{LaTeX.config}
file\index{configuration!file}\index{file!configuration} is also useful to define rarely used
font specifications.
\end{enumerate}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{Font encodings}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{sssec:fontenc}\index{encoding!output}

Unfortunately the \TeX{}/\MF{} encoding of font \ffff{} in the
\Ozfile{.dvi} file and the Macintosh
Roman\index{encoding!macintosh@{Macintosh roman}} encoding of the
corresponding screen font (i.e.\ the rank of the glyphs in the tables
of characters of these fonts) are usually quite different.  For
example the Macintosh encoding on page
\pageref{MacintoshRomanEncoding} and the \TeX{}/\MF{} encodings such
as the \Tone{} font encoding on page \pageref{ECEncoding} or the TeX
Base 1 encoding on page \pageref{TeXBaseOneEncoding} are definitely
different.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{Font reencoding, \texttt{.enc} files}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{ssse:fontreencoding}\index{encoding!output}

To cope with the different encodings, \OzTeX{} is to be instructed to
map the \TeX{}/TFM \ffff{} font in the \Ozfile{.dvi} file to
the Macintosh screen font, as specified in the \Ozfile{.enc}
encoding file (such as \Ozfile{MacT1.enc} or \Ozfile{Mac8r.enc}\indexeightr{} or
"nil" if the TFM file and screen font use the same encoding). 

\OzTeX{} looks for \Ozfile{.enc} files as stated by the
configuration variable \Ozconfvar{enc_folders}. Its initial
value in the \Default{} file is:
\begingroup\small
\indexOzconfvar{enc_folders}
\begin{verbatim}
    enc_folders = :TeX:Encodings:
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup

For example, for the \Tone{} encoding, we have seen in Sec.\
\ref{MFscreenfonts} that the Macintosh
code/slot\index{encoding!macintosh@{Macintosh
roman}}\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} for the keyboard key
$<$\index{"<@{\protect \LaTeXurl {<}}} is 220 and
$\toneencRE(\applemacRE(220)) = 60$.  The file
\Ozfile{:TeX:Encodings:MacT1.enc} defines no reencoding for
code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} 60 whence the mapping is
$\MacToneencRE(60)=60$.  It follows that the character displayed on
the screen has Macintosh extended \ASCII{}
code\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}}
$\MacToneencRE(\toneencRE(\applemacRE(220)))=60$ so this character is
< (as shown in the layout\index{layout} of page
\pageref{AdobeStandardEncoding}\index{adobe@{Adobe Systems
Incorporated.}}\index{encoding!adobe@{Adobe standard}}).

Let us consider another example where $\MacToneencRE(c)\neq c$.  The
file \Ozfile{MacT1.enc} contains:
\begingroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
...
29		223	/fl 
30		"?"	/ffi  		      no Mac equivalent
...
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
whence $\MacToneencRE(29)=223$ (the case $\MacToneencRE(30)$ =
\texttt{"?"} is considered in next Sec.\ \ref{sec:missingglyphs}). 
Observe that the ligature\index{ligature}\footnote{Character
\emph{kerning}\index{kerning} is the negative space added between a
pair of characters that look too far away (such as AV instead of
{A}{V}).}$^{,}$\footnote{With most machine-composed lead type,
kerning\index{kerning} was close to impossible whence the use of
\emph{ligatures}, i.e. fixed two- or three letter combinations on a
single lead slug.} ``fl''\index{fl@{fl}} has decimal
code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} 29 in the \Tone{} \TeX{}
encoding and 223 (i.e.\ \Hexadecimal{DF} in hexadecimal) in the
Macintosh Roman extended \ASCII{}
encoding\index{encoding!macintosh@{Macintosh roman}}, as shown by the
glyph/character encoding tables on pages
\pageref{MacintoshRomanEncoding} and
\pageref{AdobeStandardEncoding}\index{adobe@{Adobe Systems
Incorporated.}}\index{encoding!adobe@{Adobe standard}}.  So the
character displayed on screen has code\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}}
$\MacToneencRE(29)$ = 223 whence is ``fl''\index{fl@{fl}}.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{Approximation of absent screen glyphs}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{sec:missingglyphs}\index{encoding!output}

Sometimes a \PostScript{} glyph has no screen equivalent so that it
cannot be conveniently rendered on the screen.  

This is the case of the ligature\index{ligature}
{f}{f}{i}\index{ffi@{{f}fi}} which is rendered as ``fi '' on screen
whereas it should be something like ``{f}fi''\index{ffi@{{f}fi}}
(which indeed has to be typed as ``\texttt{\{f\}fi}'' or even
``\texttt{\cmd{mbox}\{f\}fi}'' to bypass the missing \TeX{}
ligature\index{ligature} ``\texttt{ffi}'' rendered ``fi '' on
screen!).

Observe that on screen, the \Ozfile{MacT1.enc} reencoding file
replaces the missing ligature\index{ligature}
``{f}{f}{i}''\index{ffi@{{f}fi}} (of
code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} 30 in the \Tone{} encoding) by
a question mark ``?''  while the \Ozfile{Mac8r.enc}\indexeightr{}
reencoding file replaces the missing ligature\index{ligature}
``{f}{f}{i}''\index{ffi@{{f}fi}} (of
code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} 20 i.e.\ octal \Octal{024} in
the TeX Base 1 encoding) by ligature\index{ligature}
``fi''\index{fi@{fi}} with Macintosh keyboard/screen
code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}}\index{encoding!macintosh@{Macintosh
roman}} 222 (i.e.\ hexadecimal \Hexadecimal{DE}).  So the two
reencoding files provide different screen renderings of the same
\TeX{} glyph ``{f}{f}{i}''\index{ffi@{{f}fi}}.

In that case a \PostScript{} printer will provide the authentic glyph
since it exists in the \PostScript{} font.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{Checking which screen font specification is used by \OzTeX{}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

In case of doubt, the screen font specification which is used by
\OzTeX{} can by displayed by the \Ozmenu[Config>Show>PostScript Fonts]
menu.  Again the printer font name is just indicative and does not
influence which glyphs \OzTeX{} is going to display on screen or
print.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Which font glyphs \OzTeX{} is going to print?}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{sec:OzTeXfontstoprinter}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{On a non-Postscript printer}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Essentially \OzTeX{} will reproduce the screen so none of this section
Sec.\ \ref{sec:OzTeXfontstoprinter} is needed.  The font resolution\index{resolution}
for \Ozfile{.pk} files as determined by the parameters:
\indexOzconfvar{printing_resolution}
\indexOzconfvar{printing_mode}
\indexOzfile{laserwriter}
\index{mode!printing}
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
printing_resolution = 600            (in dots per inch)
printing_mode       = laserwriter    (used by MakeTeXPK in OzMF)
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
of \OzTeX{} configuration files. In particular the missing glyphs will
be approximated as explained in Sec.\ \ref{sec:missingglyphs}.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{On a Postscript printer}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\OzTeX{} will ask \dvips{} to print on a \PostScript{} printer.  It
will pass to \dvips{} the parameters specified by the value of
\OzTeX{} configuration variable \Ozconfvar{dvips_options} (initially
empty \LaTeXurl{""}).  For example the \Local{} configuration file
will contain:
\indexOzconfvar{dvips_options}
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    dvips_options = "-P600dpi"
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
to use a 600 dpi \PostScript{} printer.  This can also be typed in the
command line when printing or made a default for \dvips{} as explained
in Sec.\ \ref{sec:configmap} below.  The
\Ozconfvar{printing_resolution} and \Ozconfvar{printing_mode}
configuration variables are not used, see Sec.\
\ref{dvips-resolution-mode}.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Which font glyphs \texttt{dvips} is going to print?}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

The behavior of \dvips{} for printing is similar to that of \OzTeX{}
for screen display \cite[Ch.\ 11.2]{Goossens:1997:LGC}.  Unless
otherwise specified, the \MF{} fonts are used.  The use of
\PostScript{} fonts must be explicitly specified.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{\PostScript{} font formats}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{sec:psfontsformats}\index{font!format}

The \PostScript{} fonts are mainly in two formats:
\begin{description}
    \item[Type 1]: resolution-independent outline\index{outline}\index{font!outline}\index{font!scalable} fonts\index{resolution};
    \item[Type 3]: bitmapped fonts\index{bitmap}\index{font!bitmap}.
\end{description}
The Adobe\index{adobe@{Adobe Systems Incorporated.}} Type 1
\PostScript{} fonts come into three different
formats\index{font!format}:
\begin{description}
    
    \item[LWFN]\indexOzfile{LWFN}\index{font!format}: the Macintosh format, (with icon such
    as \includegraphics[scale=0.333]{helve.eps}), which is directly
    downloadable to \PostScript{} printers;
    
    \item[.pfa]\indexOzfile{.pfa}\index{font!format}: the ``Printer Font \ASCII{}'' format
    (PC/Unix) which is directly downloadable to \PostScript{} printers
    (including on the Macintosh);

    \item[.pfb]\indexOzfile{.pfb}\index{font!format}: the ``Printer Font Binary'' format
    (PC/Unix) (which \dvips{} will map to \Ozfile{.pfa} format before
    downloading to the \PostScript{} printer).

\end{description}
The \PostScript{} printing may be OK although the \Ozfile{LWFN} file
is absent because it is preloaded in printers or \dvips{} is
instructed to use a \Ozfile{.pfa}/\Ozfile{.pfb} file.  On the
Macintosh, \PostScript{} fonts are usually distributed with the
corresponding screen fonts.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Creating \PostScript{} \texttt{.pfa} font files}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

To create the \ffff{.pfa} file, just use any drawing program to create
a simple document that uses at least one character from the font with
\PostScript{} name \LaTeXurl{fontname}, then use any standard
LaserWriter driver to print the document to a file called \ffff{.pfa},
with all fonts included.  Edit the file and delete all lines except
those between ``{\small \verb+%%BeginFont: fontname+}'' and the next
``{\small \verb+%%EndFont+}''.  However, when creating a PDF file, one
can get:
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
%%[ Error: Chicago cannot be embedded due to licensing restrictions.]%%
\end{verbatim}
\egroup

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Default font printing for TeX{} and \MF{} fonts}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{dvips-resolution-mode}

By default, \dvips{} will use \TeX{} fonts, calling \OzMF{} if
necessary, see Sec.\ \ref{sec:OzTeXfontstoscreen}.  The only
difference with \OzTeX{} screen rendering is that \dvips{} will use
information in \Ozfile{:TeX:DVIPS:Inputs:config.ps}\indexconfig{.ps}
for the resolution\index{resolution} and mode\index{mode!printing}:
\indexOzfile{ljfour}
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
D 600
M ljfour
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
(which should be adapted to your printer
resolution\index{resolution}).  The main advantage is that the screen
and printer show exactly the same glyphs/characters since \dvips{}
translate the \MF{} \Ozfile{.pk}
bitmap\index{bitmap}\index{font!bitmap} fonts into \PostScript{}
{\small \texttt{type 3}} bitmap fonts.

However if the printing is to a \PostScript{} \Ozfile{.ps} file or to
a ``Portable Document Format''\index{portabledocumentformat@{Portable
Document Format}} (\Ozfile{.pdf}) file (obtained by translation
through \MacGS{} or \Distiller{}), the non scalable
bitmap\index{bitmap}\index{font!bitmap} fonts look ugly at a different
resolution\index{resolution} (e.g.\ when zooming with \Reader{}).  So
{PS type 1} fonts should always be preferred when available.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Specification of which \PostScript{} printer fonts to use}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{sec:configmap}

When calling \dvips{} for printing, \OzTeX{} is going to pass
to \dvips{} the specification of which \PostScript{} printer
fonts to use.  We first explain how \OzTeX{} instructs
\dvips{} to find the font specification and then the form of
this \PostScript{} printer font specification.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{Where \texttt{dvips} finds the printer font mapping
specification?}%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

There are different ways to instruct \dvips{} to find the font
specification:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Include the line:
\indexOzconfvar{dvips_options}
\indexOzvalue{c}
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
dvips_options = "$c -Pffff"
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
in \OzTeX{} configuration files to tell \dvips{} to load
\config{.ffff}.  Here \ffff{} stands for the external
typeface/font family\index{family} short name (e.g.\
\CTAN{/fonts/psfonts/adobe/helvetic/dvips/config.phv}\indexconfig{.phv} for
\Helvetica{}\footnote{If the file is downloaded from \CTAN{}, the text
editor \Alpha{} or the \Joblet{Mac Text} should be used to convert from a Unix to a Macintosh file
format since otherwise \dvips{} will only read the first
line.}) or any other user chosen name (such as e.g.\ \LaTeXurl{CMPS}
for printing Computer Modern\index{cm@{``cm'' (Computer Modern)}} using the 
\AMS{}/\BlueSky{} \PostScript{} fonts). 
Then \dvips{} will look for a file \config{.ffff}
containing usually one single line:
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    p +psfonts.ffff
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
pointing to the file \psfonts{.ffff} finally containing the
specification of the font to be printed.  On \CTAN{}, \config{.ffff}
has generally the form:
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    p +ffff.map
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
so that \ffff{.map} contains the font specification\footnote{Again, if
\ffff{.map} is downloaded from \CTAN{}, the text editor \Alpha{} or the \Joblet{Mac Text}
should be used to convert from a Unix to a Macintosh file
format\index{file!format} since otherwise \dvips{} will only read the
first line.  Check also that the last line is complete (with a
return).}. \dvips{} is looking for these \config{.ffff} and
\psfonts{.ffff} (or \ffff{.map}) files in the list of folders
specified by the configuration variable \Ozconfvar{ps_folders}, which
is initially set up in the \Default{} file:
\begingroup\small
\indexOzconfvar{ps_folders}
\indexOzvalue{f}
\begin{verbatim}
    ps_folders = :TeX:DVIPS:Inputs: :TeX:PS: $f
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
where \Ozvalue{f} denotes the \Ozfile{Font} subfolder of the
\Ozfile{System Folder};

\item Another solution is to type {\small \texttt{-Pffff -P600dpi}} in the command
line each time when printing;

\item One can also add the {\small \texttt{p +psfonts.ffff}} line in the standard
\Ozfile{:TeX:DVIPS:Inputs:config.ps}\indexconfig{.ps} file loaded by \dvips{};

\item The last solution is to directly include the font specification in the
\Ozfile{:TeX:DVIPS:Inputs:psfonts.map}\indexpsfonts{.map} file loaded 
by \config{.ps}.

\end{enumerate}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{\texttt{dvips} printer font mapping specification}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{sssec:printerfontspec}

Knowing how \OzTeX{} instructs \Ozfile{.dvi} where to find the printer
font specifications, we explain the specification.  For our \Helvetica{}
example, the printer font mapping specification will be:
\begingroup\small%
\index{encoding!output}%
\indexBerryfont{phvr8t}%
\indexBerryfont{phvb8t}%
\indexBerryfont{phvro8t}%
\indexBerryfont{phvbo8t}%
\index{"<@{\protect \LaTeXurl {<}}}%
\begin{verbatim}
*TFM     Printer font          Reencoding
 phvr8t  Helvetica             " ECEncoding ReEncodeFont " <EC.enc 
 phvb8t  Helvetica-Bold        " ECEncoding ReEncodeFont " <EC.enc 
 phvro8t Helvetica-Oblique     " ECEncoding ReEncodeFont " <EC.enc 
 phvbo8t Helvetica-BoldOblique " ECEncoding ReEncodeFont " <EC.enc 
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
The \TeX/TFM font names (\Berryfont{phvr8t}, etc) should be the same
as those provided for the screen fonts.  The corresponding
\PostScript{} font name is given (\Helvetica{}, etc).  Moreover, the
\PostScript{} interpreter is instructed to reencode the font using a
mapping given by an array obtained by loading the file \Ozfile{EC.enc}
in the head of the \PostScript{} job \footnote{\texttt{dvips}
recognizes reencoding files by the \Ozfile{.enc} suffix or using 
``\LaTeXurl{<[}''\index{"<"[@{\protect\LaTeXurl{<[}}}
instead of ``\LaTeXurl{<}'\index{"<@{\protect\protect\protect\LaTeXurl{<}}}
to tell \texttt{dvips} that the following file name is
an encoding file.}.  The \Ozfile{EC.enc} file contains:
\begingroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    /ECEncoding [
    ...
    /fl  %	29
    /ffi %	30
    ...
    ] def
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
so that the ligatures\index{ligature} ``fl'' for {f}{l}\index{fl@{fl}}
of \TeX{}/TFM code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} 29 and ``ffi''
for {f}{f}{i}\index{ffi@{{f}fi}} of \TeX{}/TFM
code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} 30 will be mapped to the
corresponding \PostScript{} glyphs of respective symbolic codes
\LaTeXurl{/fl} and \LaTeXurl{/ffi}.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{Including nonresident/nonstandard \PostScript{} fonts}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

If you produce a \PostScript{} \Ozfile{.ps} file with \OzTeX{} using
nonresident/nonstandard \PostScript{} fonts, this file may not be
printable on installations where these fonts are not available.  The
solution is to ask \dvips{} to explicitly include the font files in
its \PostScript{} output file, as follows:

\begingroup\footnotesize
\indexBerryfont{phvr8t}%
\indexBerryfont{phvb8t}%
\indexBerryfont{phvro8t}%
\indexBerryfont{phvbo8t}%
\index{"<@{\protect \LaTeXurl {<}}}%
\begin{verbatim}
*TFM     Printer font          <Font file   Reencoding
 phvr8t  Helvetica             <Helve       "ECEncoding ReEncodeFont " <EC.enc 
 phvb8t  Helvetica-Bold        <HelveBol    "ECEncoding ReEncodeFont " <EC.enc 
 phvro8t Helvetica-Oblique     <HelveObl    "ECEncoding ReEncodeFont " <EC.enc 
 phvbo8t Helvetica-BoldOblique <HelveBolObl "ECEncoding ReEncodeFont " <EC.enc 
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
The \PostScript{} fonts files such as (such as 
\includegraphics[scale=0.333]{helve.eps} above) are looked for
by \dvips{} 
in the list of folders specified by the configuration variable
\Ozconfvar{ps_folders}. It is initialized according to
\Default{} file as follows:
\begingroup\small
\indexOzconfvar{ps_folders}
\indexOzvalue{f}
\begin{verbatim}
    ps_folders = :TeX:DVIPS:Inputs: :TeX:PS: $f
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
Since \Ozvalue{f} denotes the \Ozfile{Font} subfolder of the
\Ozfile{System Folder}, the \PostScript{} font files can be placed
there.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{Including \texttt{.pfa} or \texttt{.pfb} files}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

The \Ozfile{.pfa} or \Ozfile{.pfb} files can be used instead when
the \Ozfile{LWFN} format\index{font!format} is not available (see Sec.\ \ref{sec:psfontsformats}). 
For example in\indexBerryfont{pmn}
\CTAN{/fonts/psfonts/adobe/minion/dvips/config.pmn}\indexconfig{.pmn}, one can
find:
\indexOzfile{pmn}
\begingroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    p +pmn.map
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent 
invoked by the printing command line
``\LaTeXurl{-Ppmn}''\indexBerryfont{pmn} and referring to
\CTAN{/fonts/psfonts/adobe/minion/dvips/pmn.map} which specifies the
file to be loaded by the printer for the \PostScript{} fonts:
\index{"<@{\protect \LaTeXurl {<}}}%
\begingroup\small\indexeightr
\begin{verbatim}
pmnb8r Minion-Bold "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" <Mac8r.enc <pmnb8a.pfb
...
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent 
However the \Minion{} font is not public domain so neither
\Ozfile{pmnb8a.pfa} nor \Ozfile{pmnb8a.pfb} is freely available.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Font substitution}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

When a font is absent, it can be replaced by another.  This can be
done by \LaTeX{} (see e.g.\ \Ozfile{t1ppl.fd}):
\indexcmd{DeclareFontShape}
\index{"<-">@{\protect\LaTeXurl{<->}}}%
\begingroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    \DeclareFontShape{T1}{ppl}{b}{sl}{<-> pplbo8t}{}
    \DeclareFontShape{T1}{ppl}{bx}{sl}{<->ssub * ppl/b/sl}{}
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent 
and/or with the external font:
\begingroup\footnotesize
\indexeightr
\indexBerryfont{pplbo8r}%
\index{"<@{\protect \LaTeXurl {<}}}%
\begin{verbatim}
pplbo8r Palatino-Bold " .167 SlantFont TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont "<8r.enc
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent 
The \LaTeX{} substitutions are traced in the \Ozfile{.log} file.

Font substitution can also be done by the screen font mapping
specification of Sec.\ \ref{sssec:screenfontspec} and the printer font
mapping specification of Sec.\ \ref{sssec:printerfontspec}.  The last
and better way is to use \TeX{} virtual fonts.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{\TeX{} virtual fonts}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{virtualfonts}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{\texttt{.vf} files}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{ssec:vffiles}

\TeX{} has also virtual font (\Ozfile{.vf}) files which describe fonts
that exists in a logical sense but not a physical sense
\cite{Knuth:1990:VFMa}.  \Ozfile{.vpl} files are \TeX{} `property
lists' (human readable) format\index{font!format} of a \Ozfile{.vf}
file.  \OzTeX{} (for screen) and \dvips{} (for printing) use the
\Ozfile{.vf} files to map the virtual fonts to actual fonts.  The
actual characters can be shifted and/or magnified and/or combined with
other characters from many different fonts.  A virtual font can even
make use of characters from virtual fonts, including itself.

The \Ozfile{.vf} files are found by \OzTeX{} and \dvips{} in the
folders specified by the configuration
variable\index{configuration!variable}\index{variable!configuration
\_} \Ozconfvar{vf_folders}.  Its initial value is assigned by
\Default{} as follows:
\indexOzconfvar{vf_folders}
\begingroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    vf_folders = :TeX:VF:
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Which actual fonts are used?}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Virtual font files \ffff{.vf} come with two corresponding \ffff{.tfm}
and \rffff{.tfm} files.  The virtual font \ffff{.vf} file allows the
virtual font \ffff{.tfm} to indirectly reference the actual or ``raw''
\index{raw!font}\index{font!raw@{raw \_}}font \rffff{.tfm}.  

The virtual font is referenced by \LaTeX{} in
\cmd{fontfamily\{ffff\}}\cmd{selectfont} commands so that \TeX{} will
use the \ffff{.tfm} file (so that \OzTeX{} must have its
\Ozconfvar{tfm_folders} configuration
variable\index{configuration!variable}\index{variable!configuration
\_} properly set, see Sec.\ \ref{ssec:modifconfig}).

\OzTeX{} (for screen) and \dvips{} (for printer) are in charge of
looking for the actual glyphs to be used for glyphs of font
\ffff{.tfm} in \Ozfile{.dvi} files.  If necessary the \ffff{.vf} file
will be used to map the virtual glyphs of \ffff{.tfm} to the
actual/\index{raw!font}\index{font!raw@{raw \_}}``raw'' glyphs of
\rffff{.tfm}.  

The recursive search of the actual glyph to be displayed/printed is as
follows:
\begin{enumerate} 

\item search for an explicit font mapping specification for
\ffff{.tfm} (as given in Sec.\ \ref{sssec:screenfontspec} for screen
display and \ref{sssec:printerfontspec} for printing, in which case
the font is said to be \emph{resident}\index{resident});

\item else, check for the presence of file \ffff{.vf} showing that the
font \ffff{.tfm} is virtual.  Then use \ffff{.vf} to map \ffff{.tfm}
glyphs into \rffff{.tfm} ones.  Then recursively search for
the actual glyph in \rffff{.tfm} (which may itself be
virtual);

\item else, search for a {\small \texttt{ffff\_.pk}} file (so that if
\OzTeX{} does not find file \ffff{.vf}, \OzMF{} will be automatically
launched).

\end{enumerate}
So, if the font \ffff{.tfm} is resident it should appear in the
\OzTeX{} and \dvips{} configuration
file's\index{configuration!file}\index{file!configuration} lists of
fonts (between \Ozconfvar{add_fonts} and \Ozconfvar{end_fonts})
whereas if the font \ffff{.tfm} is virtual, it should \underline{not}
(and neither the virtual font files \ffff{.vf}); Only the
raw\index{raw!font}\index{font!raw@{raw \_}} font \rffff{.tfm} will
appear at the termination level of the recursion.

The option \LaTeXurl{-d70} allows to tracks the files and (virtual)
fonts used by \dvips{} (\LaTeXurl{-d70} or \LaTeXurl{-d-1} should
appear first in the list of \dvips{} options since otherwise the
options appearing before will not be traced).

The main advantages of virtual fonts are that the mapping of
\ffff{.tfm} is not necessarily to a unique
``raw''\index{raw!font}\index{font!raw@{raw \_}} font, the ability to
design the virtual font from existing ones (e.g.\ define
ligatures\index{ligature}, compose new glyphs from existing ones) and
the possibility of recursion.  More details are given in \OzMF{}
\Ozmenu[Help>Knuth on VFs] (or \CTAN{/info/virtual-fonts.knuth}).

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{\PostScript{} virtual fonts}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

There are three ways of using \PostScript{} fonts \ffff{} with their
own TeX Base 1/\eightr{} encoding (see page \pageref{TeXBaseOneEncoding})
and to let believe to \TeX{} that they have the \TeX{} encoding e.g.\
\eightt/\Tone{}\index{encoding!output}:
\begin{enumerate}
    \item ask the \PostScript{} interpreter to use a reencoding vector;
    \item use virtual fonts;
    \item combine the previous methods.
\end{enumerate}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Example of \PostScript{} virtual font}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{The \TeX{} virtual font}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\index{encoding!output}

Let us consider an example given in
\CTAN{/fonts/psfonts/adobe/times/}.  The problem is to typeset the
left french ``guillemet'' (that is ``\guillemotleft'') with the
Adobe\index{adobe@{Adobe Systems Incorporated.}} \PostScript{}
\Times{} bold italic font in \Tone{} encoding.  The \Ozfile{.tex}
input/source is:
\bgroup\footnotesize
\indexcmd{fontencoding}
\indexcmd{fontfamily}
\indexcmd{fontseries}
\indexcmd{fontshape}
\indexcmd{selectfont}
\begin{verbatim}
   {\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{ptm}\fontseries{b}\fontshape{it}\selectfont ´}
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
Typing \guillemotleft{} in the source (\Option{7} on french Macintosh
keyboards) enters the glyph with hexadecimal
code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} \Hexadecimal{C7} = 199 in the
\Ozfile{.tex} source.  Because of the declaration
\cmd{usepackage[applemac]\{inputenc\}}\indexLaTeXpackageoption{applemac}{inputenc},
this is reencoded as \cmd{guillemotleft}:
\indexcmd{DeclareInputText}
\indexcmd{guillemotleft}
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    ...
    \DeclareInputText{199}{\guillemotleft}
    ...
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
The
\cmd{usepackage[T1]\{fontenc\}}\indexLaTeXpackageoption{T1}{fontenc}
declaration instructs \TeX{} to reencode \cmd{guillemotleft} as the
glyph with \TeX{}/TFM code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} 19, as
stated in \Ozfile{t1.enc} :
\indexcmd{DeclareTextSymbol}
\indexcmd{guillemotleft}
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    ...
    \DeclareTextSymbol{\guillemotleft}{T1}{19}
    ...
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
The
\cmd{fontencoding}\texttt{\small\{T1\}}\cmd{fontfamily\{ptm\}}\cmd{selectfont}
command instructs \TeX{} to get the necessary information about the
font to be used in the \Ozfile{.tfm} file specified by the
\CTAN{/fonts/psfonts/adobe/times/tex/t1ptm.fd} file
(\Ozfile{:TeX:Inputs:LaTeX:psnfss:t1ptm.fd} in \OzTeX{} distribution). 
This file indicates that the external font to be selected is
\Berryfont{ptmbi8t} (\Berryfont{ptmbi7t} for \OTone{}
encoding\indexsevent):
\indexcmd{DeclareFontShape}
\index{"<-">@{\protect\LaTeXurl{<->}}}%
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
   \DeclareFontShape{T1}{ptm}{b}{it}{<-> ptmbi8t}{}
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
So \TeX{} considers that ``\guillemotleft'' is described as glyph 19 =
\Octal{023} = \Hexadecimal{13} of \Ozfile{ptmbi8t.tfm}.  This information will be
recorded in the \Ozfile{.dvi} file for that glyph.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{\OzTeX{} screen display}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

For screen displaying of this \Ozfile{.dvi} file, \OzTeX{} is
instructed as follows:\indexeightr
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    % TFM    Printer font      Screen font  Encoding    Style
    ptmbi8r  Times-BoldItalic  Times        Mac8r.enc   bi
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
Since \Berryfont{ptmbi8t} is not in this list, the file
\Ozfile{ptmbi8t.vf} has to be used.  Using \OzMF{}
\Ozmenu[VFtoVP\ldots], we get the corresponding \Ozfile{ptmbi8t.vp} file where,
for glyph 19 (octal \Octal{023}), we can read that:
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    ...
(MAPFONT D 0
   (FONTNAME ptmbi8r)
   ...
   )
...
(CHARACTER O 23
   (CHARWD R 0.5)
   (CHARHT R 0.406995)
   (CHARDP R -0.031995)
   (MAP
      (SETCHAR O 253)
      )
   )
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
so the glyph of code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} 19 in \Berryfont{ptmbi8t} is mapped to the glyph of
code\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} \Octal{253} = \Hexadecimal{AB} = 171 in \Berryfont{ptmbi8r}.  \OzTeX{}
recursively looks for glyph 171 of the \Berryfont{ptmbi8r} font (so 
called raw\index{raw!font}\index{font!raw@{raw \_}} font) which,
according to the given instructions:\indexeightr
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    % TFM    Printer font      Screen font  Encoding    Style
    ptmbi8r  Times-BoldItalic  Times        Mac8r.enc   bi
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
is directly mapped to the screen font \Times{} in bold italic style.  
\OzTeX{} is instructed to reencode with file \Ozfile{Mac8r.enc}\indexeightr.  The
\Ozfile{:TeX:Encodings:Mac8r.enc} file contains:
\bgroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    ...
    \253 $C7     /guillemotleft
    ...
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent
So the glyph of octal code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} \verb+\253+ is mapped to the \Times{}
character of Macintosh Roman screen / Apple Standard Encoding
hexadecimal code\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}}\index{encoding!macintosh@{Macintosh roman}}
\Hexadecimal{C7} = 199, which, as shown by the layout\index{layout} table of page
\pageref{MacintoshRomanEncoding}, is precisely
``{\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{ptm}\fontseries{b}\fontshape{it}\selectfont
´}''.

Observe that the Macintosh keyboard directly enters the screen code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}}
199 in the \Ozfile{.tex} input/source file but we have gone through
the reencodings\index{encoding!output}\indexeightr:
\begin{eqnarray*}
&&\MaceightrencRE(\ptmbieighttvfRE(\toneencRE(\applemacRE(199))))\\
&=&\MaceightrencRE(\ptmbieighttvfRE(\toneencRE(\mbox{\cmd{guillemotleft}})))\\
&=&\MaceightrencRE(\ptmbieighttvfRE(19))\\
&=&\MaceightrencRE(171)\\
&=& 199 
\end{eqnarray*}
to get it on screen.  This is the price for \TeX{} to be device
independence.

Observe that having the Macintosh character ``\guillemotleft'' in the
\TeX{} input makes it not portable.  However, using only \ASCII{}
characters we could have written the portable:

\bgroup\footnotesize
\indexcmd{fontencoding}
\indexcmd{fontfamily}
\indexcmd{fontseries}
\indexcmd{fontshape}
\indexcmd{selectfont}
\indexcmd{guillemotleft}
\begin{verbatim}
   {\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{ptm}\fontseries{b}\fontshape{it}\selectfont 
   \guillemotleft}
\end{verbatim}
\egroup\noindent 
which has exactly the same effect
``{\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{ptm}\fontseries{b}\fontshape{it}\selectfont\guillemotleft}''.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{\texttt{dvips} \PostScript{} printing}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

For printing, the file
\CTAN{/fonts/psfonts/adobe/times/tex/dvips/ptm.map} can be used to
instruct \dvips{} on where to find the
raw\index{raw!font}\index{font!raw@{raw \_}} font for printing:
\begingroup\small\indexeightr
\index{"<@{\protect \LaTeXurl {<}}}%
\begin{verbatim}
    ptmbi8r Times-BoldItalic "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont " <8r.enc 
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
The same way, \dvips{} will use \Ozfile{ptmbi8t.vf} to map the
input glyph 19 described by \Ozfile{ptmbi8t.tfm} to glyph \Octal{253}
= \Hexadecimal{AB} = 171 of \Ozfile{ptmbi8r.tfm}. The glyph is reencoded
with \TeXBaseoneEncodingVector{}
defined in file \CTAN{/fonts/psfonts/tools/8r.enc}
(\OzTeX{} \Ozfile{:TeX:DVIPS:Inputs:8r.enc})\indexeightr:%
\begingroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
    /TeXBase1Encoding [
    ...
    % 0xA0
     /.notdef % nobreakspace
     /exclamdown /cent /sterling
     /currency /yen /brokenbar /section
     /dieresis /copyright /ordfeminine /guillemotleft
     /logicalnot
     /hyphen % Y&Y (also at 45); Windows' softhyphen
     /registered
     /macron
     ...
    ] def
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
During printing, the \PostScript{} interpreter will map \Hexadecimal{AB} to the
\PostScript{} glyph {\small \texttt{/guillemotleft}} whence print
{\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{ptm}\fontseries{b}\fontshape{it}\selectfont
\guillemotleft}.

For the \PostScript{} interpreter, the reencoding of the input
character \guillemotleft{} will be\index{encoding!output}:
\begin{eqnarray*}
&&\TeXBaseoneEncodingRE(\ptmbieighttvfRE(\toneencRE(\applemacRE(199))))\\
&=&\TeXBaseoneEncodingRE(\ptmbieighttvfRE(\toneencRE(\mbox{\cmd{guillemotleft}})))\\
&=&\TeXBaseoneEncodingRE(\ptmbieighttvfRE(19))\\
&=&\TeXBaseoneEncodingRE(171)\\
&=& \mathtt{/guillemotleft}
\end{eqnarray*}
(where \LaTeXurl{/guillemotleft} has some code internal to \PostScript{}).

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Using the Utopia PostScript fonts}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

This section is a recapitulation using a final example. 
\textit{Possible errors are given in italic}.  More details (in
particular for \LYone{} encoding) are given at \LopezValencia's site
\mbox{\url{http://sue.ideam.gov.co/alejolo/freefonts/}}.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{The user view}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Let us consider the use of the \Utopia{} \PostScript{} fonts in
\Tone{} encoding with \OzTeX{}.  \Utopia{} is an
Adobe\index{adobe@{Adobe Systems Incorporated.}} Originals text face
designed by Robert Slimbach in 1989.  To use \Utopia{} fonts as the
document default fonts\index{font!default} we just insert a
declaration\indexLaTeXpackage{utopia}:
\begingroup\small
\begin{quote}
\cmd{usepackage\{utopia\}}
\end{quote}
\endgroup\noindent
in the preamble\index{preamble}.  For an occasional use of the
Adobe\index{adobe@{Adobe Systems Incorporated.}} \Utopia{} fonts in
the document, we define a \LaTeX{} command \cmd{utopia}:
\begingroup\small
\indexcmd{utopia}
\indexBerryfont{put}
\begin{verbatim}
\newcommand{\utopia}{\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{put}\selectfont}
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
so that the command \cmd{utopia} will change the current font to the
\Berryfont{put} font (\abbreviation{p}{\protect\PostScript{}/Adobe
Systems, Inc.}\index{adobe@{Adobe Systems Incorporated.}},
\abbreviation{ut}{\protect\Utopia{}}).  The scope of this command can
be limited by brackets.  {\utopia Here is an example of text in Utopia
font, {\itshape including italic,} {\bfseries bold} and
{\bfseries\itshape bold italic} with \Tone{} encoding.}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{The \LaTeX{} view}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

To determine which external font is used, \LaTeX{} loads the
\Ozfile{:TeX:Inputs:LaTeX:psnfss:t1put.fd} file. {\itshape If this
file were absent, a \LaTeX{} message would say\index{cm@{``cm'' (Computer Modern)}}:
\begingroup\small
\index{shape}
\begin{verbatim}
LaTeX Font Warning: Font shape `T1/put/m/n' undefined
(Font)              using `T1/cmr/m/n' instead on input line 45.
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent}%
The \Ozfile{:TeX:Inputs:LaTeX:psnfss:t1put.fd} file establishes the
correspondence between the \LaTeX{} font
selection\index{font!selection} mechanism and the external fonts, for
example:%
\begingroup\small
\indexcmd{DeclareFontFamily}%
\indexcmd{DeclareFontShape}%
\index{"<-">@{\protect\LaTeXurl{<->}}}%
\begin{verbatim}
    \DeclareFontFamily{T1}{put}{}
    \DeclareFontShape{T1}{put}{m}{n}{<-> putr8t}{}
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
\TeX{} will use the \Ozfile{putr8t.tfm} file to determine how
the glyphs corresponding to input codes (obtained may be after
a number of macro-expansions) should be placed on the page in
the \Ozfile{.dvi} output file. {\itshape If this
\Ozfile{:TeX:TFM:PS:putr8t.tfm} file were absent from \OzTeX{}
distribution, \TeX{} would complain:
\begingroup\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
! Font T1/put/m/n/10=putr8t at 10.0pt not loadable: Metric (TFM) file not found
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup}\noindent%
If none of these files is absent, the \Ozfile{.tex} source will
typeset into a \Ozfile{.dvi} file where glyphs are represented by an
external font name and a code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}}.  This is completely independent of the
external fonts rendering on screen and in print.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{The screen view}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

For screen previewing \OzTeX{} will use font specifications as given
by the \OzTeX{} \Ozmenu[Config>Show>PostScript Fonts] menu.  Since it
contains no specification for \Ozfile{putr8t.tfm}, \OzTeX{} will look
for the existence of a file \Ozfile{putr8t.vf} in a folder given by
the value of the configuration
variable\index{configuration!variable}\index{variable!configuration
\_} \Ozconfvar{vf_folders} (by default this is \Ozfile{TeX:VF:PS:},
which can be checked using the \OzTeX{} \Ozmenu[Config>Show>Files and
Folders] menu).  {\itshape If \OzTeX{} were unable to find this file
(because it is missing or it is in a folder not mentioned in the
\Ozconfvar{vf_folders} list), then \OzTeX{} would ask \OzMF{} for a
bitmap\index{bitmap}\index{font!bitmap} and we would get the error:%
\begingroup\small
\indexOzfile{laserwriter}\index{mode!printing}
\begin{verbatim}
This is METAFONT, Version 2.7182
**&MakeTeXPK \mode:=laserwriter;mag:=magstep(0.0);scrollmode;input putr8t

! I can't find file `putr8t'.
<*> ...r;mag:=magstep(0.0);scrollmode;input putr8t
                                                  
Please type another input file name: 
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup}\noindent
Fortunately, the file \Ozfile{:TeX:VF:PS:putr8t.vf} is in the
\OzTeX{} distribution.  It instructs \OzTeX{} to map the
\Berryfont{putr8t} into \Berryfont{putr8r} (for all glyphs although in
general each glyph of \Berryfont{putr8t} could be mapped to a different
font and code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}}).  So \OzTeX{} restarts the same external font search
process for \Berryfont{putr8r}. This time the following font
specification is given in the \Default{}
configuration file\index{configuration!file}\index{file!configuration}\indexeightr:
\begingroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
putb8r   Utopia-Bold        Utopia  Mac8r.enc  b
putbi8r  Utopia-BoldItalic  Utopia  Mac8r.enc  bi
putbo8r  Utopia-Bold        Utopia  Mac8r.enc  bi
putr8r   Utopia-Regular     Utopia  Mac8r.enc
putri8r  Utopia-Italic      Utopia  Mac8r.enc  i
putro8r  Utopia-Regular     Utopia  Mac8r.enc  i
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
The information is that the screen font is \Utopia{} and the
code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} of the glyphs must be mapped to a maybe different code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} as given
by file \Ozfile{Mac8r.enc}\indexeightr.  This file is available to \OzTeX{} (it
is \Ozfile{:TeX:Encodings:Mac8r.enc}\indexeightr). {\itshape Otherwise \OzTeX{} would
have complained e.g.\ at start-up when loading the
\Default{} configuration file\index{configuration!file}\index{file!configuration}.  The only thing
that can happen is that we have no \Utopia{} font on the
Macintosh.  In that case, \OzTeX{} will open a window claiming that it
``{\small\texttt{Could not find screen font: Utopia}}''.  The \Utopia{} text
will appear in red on the screen.  At that point we might:
\begin{itemize}
\item Be happy with that, knowing that everything will go well in
print on a \PostScript{} printer;
\item Load the font on the web e.g.\ at \LopezValencia's site:
\begin{center}
\mbox{\url{http://sue.ideam.gov.co/alejolo/freefonts/utopia-x11.hqx}};
\end{center}
\item Replace the \Utopia{} font on screen (but not in print)
by some other font like \Times{}. To do so, we add to the
\Local{} configuration file\index{configuration!file}\index{file!configuration}:
\begingroup\small
\indexOzconfvar{add_fonts}
\indexOzconfvar{end_fonts}
\indexeightr
\indexBerryfont{putb8r}
\indexBerryfont{putbi8r}
\indexBerryfont{putbo8r}
\indexBerryfont{putr8r}
\indexBerryfont{putri8r}
\indexBerryfont{putro8r}
\begin{verbatim}
add_fonts
putb8r   Utopia-Bold        Times  Mac8r.enc  b
putbi8r  Utopia-BoldItalic  Times  Mac8r.enc  bi
putbo8r  Utopia-Bold        Times  Mac8r.enc  bi
putr8r   Utopia-Regular     Times  Mac8r.enc
putri8r  Utopia-Italic      Times  Mac8r.enc  i
putro8r  Utopia-Regular     Times  Mac8r.enc  i
end_fonts
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
and load \Default{} (by pressing \Command{D} or 
choosing \OzTeX{}
\Ozmenu[Config>Default] menu). 
Since \OzTeX{} always loads \Local{} just after
\Default{}, the local specification is taken into
account while the default specification is always overwritten (so no
modification of \Default{} is needed).
\end{itemize}}
Pressing \Command{I} in the \Ozfile{.dvi} window will show the virtual
font mechanism ({\itshape Whether the \Utopia{} screen font is
used or it is replaced by \Times{}}):
\begingroup\small
\begin{verbatim}
Fonts (if used on current page then total chars given):
:TeX:TFM:PS:putb8r.tfm at 10pt        total chars = 4
:TeX:TFM:PS:putbi8r.tfm at 10pt       total chars = 10
:TeX:TFM:PS:putri8r.tfm at 10pt       total chars = 16
:TeX:TFM:PS:putr8r.tfm at 10pt        total chars = 52
...
Fonts used on current page = 9

Virtual fonts:
:TeX:VF:PS:putbi8t.vf at 10pt         used on current page
:TeX:VF:PS:putb8t.vf at 10pt          used on current page
:TeX:VF:PS:putri8t.vf at 10pt         used on current page
:TeX:VF:PS:putr8t.vf at 10pt          used on current page
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
The actual fonts which are used are given by \OzTeX{}
\Ozmenu[Config>Show>PostScript Fonts] menu.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{The printer view}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

For a QuickDraw (non-\PostScript{}) printer, the printing process is
similar to the screen display process (but, may be, for the use of
more precise True Type fonts instead of bitmapped
fonts\index{bitmap}\index{font!bitmap}).  In particular we may have to
pay attention to the possibly missing glyphs {\itshape and the
possible replacement of the missing \Utopia{} screen font by \Times{}
which will also be performed on a QuickDraw printer}.

If we have a \PostScript{} printer, \OzTeX{} will instruct \dvips{} to
print.  {\itshape This may fail for several reasons whereas screen
fonts were OK. This is because the screen display and printing are two
completely different processes.  However, from \TeX{} point of view,
they are the same, in particular with respect to the virtual font
mechanism.} 

Since the \Utopia{} font is not resident on most printers, we can
check that \dvips{} loads the proper fonts to the printer before
printing (excerpts):
\begingroup\small\indexeightr
\begin{verbatim}
' TeX output 1999.08.10:0041' -> printer
<tex.pro><8r.enc><texps.pro>. <putbi.pfa><putb.pfa><putri.pfa><putr.pfa>[1] 
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
These files are available in the \OzTeX{} distribution in folder
\Ozfile{:TeX:PS:}.  \dvips{} uses the same external font
search mechanism as for the screen and this can be traced with the
\LaTeXurl{-d70} printing option; \dvips{} looks whether
\Berryfont{putr8t} is resident, it is not, so \dvips{} looks
for a \Ozfile{putr8t.vf} file, finds it and remaps to
\Berryfont{putr8r} which now is a resident font:
\begingroup\small\indexeightr
\begin{verbatim}
This is dvips 5.83 Copyright 1998 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
Input file: Utopia.dvi
Options: -p=1 -l=1 -M0 -T210mm,297mm -P600dpi -d70
...
search: Trying to open psfonts.map
<:TeX:DVIPS:Inputs:psfonts.map(r)> succeeded
...
Defining font () putr8t at 10.0pt
search: Trying to open putr8t.vf
<:TeX:VF:PS:putr8t.vf(r)> succeeded
Loading virtual font putr8t.vf at 10.0pt
Defining font () putr8r at 10.0pt
...
Font putr8r <Utopia-Regular> is resident.
search: Trying to open :TeX:DVIPS:Inputs:8r.enc
<:TeX:DVIPS:Inputs:8r.enc(r)> succeeded
...
search: Trying to open :TeX:PS:putr.pfa
<:TeX:PS:putr.pfa(r)> succeeded
<putr.pfa>[1] 
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
For the \Utopia{} example, \dvips{} will find the list of resident fonts which is
given in the \Ozfile{:TeX:DVIPS:Inputs:psfonts.map} file as follows:
\begingroup\scriptsize\indexeightr
\indexBerryfont{putb8r}%
\indexBerryfont{putbi8r}%
\indexBerryfont{putr8r}%
\indexBerryfont{putri8r}%
\indexBerryfont{putbo8r}%
\indexBerryfont{putro8r}%
\index{"<@{\protect \LaTeXurl {<}}}%
\begin{verbatim}
putb8r  Utopia-Bold "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" <8r.enc <putb.pfa
putbi8r Utopia-BoldItalic "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" <8r.enc <putbi.pfa
putr8r  Utopia-Regular "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" <8r.enc <putr.pfa
putri8r Utopia-Italic "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" <8r.enc <putri.pfa
putbo8r Utopia-Bold " .167 SlantFont TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont " <8r.enc <putb.pfa
putro8r Utopia-Regular " .167 SlantFont TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont " <8r.enc <putr.pfa
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
{\itshape One thing that might go wrong is that we tell \dvips{} to print
on a 300 dpi printer (which is the \OzTeX{} default assumption) whereas
we have e.g.\ a 600 dpi printer. The output comes out enlarged four
times. This can be corrected in the \Local{} file as follows:
\begingroup\small
\indexOzconfvar{dvips_options}
\begin{verbatim}
dvips_options = "-P600dpi"
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent\indexeightr
\dvips{} might also not be able to find the required files (and e.g.\
call \OzMF{} or claim ``\LaTeXurl{!  Couldn't find header file
8r.enc}'') in which case the \Ozconfvar{ps_folders} might have to be
adjusted (its value can be checked using \OzTeX{}
\Ozmenu[Config>Show>Files and Folders] menu).}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Installing a nonstandard \PostScript{} font}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

In order to illustrate the installation of a nonstandard \PostScript{}
font we will use \Utopia{} again but assuming nothing is given with
\OzTeX{} distribution.  We also require not to modify the default and
local configuration
files\index{configuration!file}\index{file!configuration} and to place
all necessary files in a local \Ozfile{:myTex:Fonts:utopia} folder
(but for the screen fonts going to the \Ozfile{Fonts} subfolder of the
\Ozfile{System Folder} when neither \ATMDeluxe{} nor any equivalent
screen rasterizer is available).

First we download the \CTAN{/fonts/psfonts/adobe/utopia/} folder into
\Ozfile{:myTex:Fonts:utopia}.  It contains four subfolders \dvips{},
\Ozfile{tex}, \Ozfile{tfm} and \Ozfile{vf} to which we add two new
\Ozfile{PS} and \Ozfile{Configs} folders.  Then the fonts can be
downloaded at \LopezValencia's site:
\begin{center}
\mbox{\url{http://sue.ideam.gov.co/alejolo/freefonts/utopia-x11.hqx}.} 
\end{center}
Unpacking yields a folder \Ozfile{Utopia PS1 & TT v2.1}
{\fontencoding{TS1}\fontshape{it}\selectfont\textflorin}.  The True
Type \Ozfile{Utopia (TT).fam} and screen
bitmap\index{bitmap}\index{font!bitmap} \Ozfile{Utopia (PS1).fam} font
folders/suitcases\index{suitcase} are moved to the \Ozfile{Fonts}
subfolder of the \Ozfile{System Folder} (or are made accessible to ATM
Deluxe).  The \PostScript{} fonts \Ozfile{UtopiBol},
\Ozfile{UtopiBolIta}, \Ozfile{UtopiIta} and \Ozfile{UtopiReg} are
moved to \Ozfile{:myTex:Fonts:utopia:PS:} (or to the \Ozfile{Fonts}
subfolder of the \Ozfile{System Folder}).  Then \Ozfile{Utopia PS1 &
TT v2.1} {\fontencoding{TS1}\fontshape{it}\selectfont\textflorin} can
be trashed.  One can also download:
\begin{center}
\mbox{\url{http://sue.ideam.gov.co/alejolo/freefonts/utopia-metrics.hqx}.} 
\end{center} 
This file unpacks into \LaTeXurl{utopia metrics}.  It contains
improved \Ozfile{.tfm} files so we replace the content of
\Ozfile{:myTex:Fonts:utopia:tfm:} by that of \Ozfile{utopia
metrics:puttf:}.  Now \LaTeXurl{utopia metrics} can be trashed.

For \OzTeX{} screen fonts, one creates a new file
\Ozfile{:myTex:Fonts:utopia:Configs:Add Utopia Fonts}, including the
location of files, the screen font specification and instructions for
\dvips{}, as follows:%
\begingroup\small
\indexOzconfvar{current_app}%
\indexOzconfvar{input_folders}%
\indexOzconfvar{tfm_folders}%
\indexOzconfvar{vf_folders}%
\indexOzconfvar{dvips_options}%
\indexOzconfvar{ps_folders}%
\indexOzconfvar{add_fonts}%
\indexOzconfvar{end_fonts}%
\indexeightr
\indexBerryfont{putb8r}%
\indexBerryfont{putbi8r}%
\indexBerryfont{putbo8r}%
\indexBerryfont{putr8r}%
\indexBerryfont{putri8r}%
\indexBerryfont{putro8r}%
\indexOzvalue{c}%
\begin{verbatim}
current_app = OzTeX
input_folders = :myTex:Fonts:utopia:tex: $c 
tfm_folders   = :myTex:Fonts:utopia:tfm: $c 
vf_folders    = :myTex:Fonts:utopia:vf: $c 
dvips_options = "$c -Pput"
ps_folders    = :myTex:Fonts:utopia:dvips: |
                :myTex:Fonts:utopia:PS: $c 
add_fonts
putb8r   Utopia-Bold        Utopia  Mac8r.enc  b
putbi8r  Utopia-BoldItalic  Utopia  Mac8r.enc  bi
putbo8r  Utopia-Bold        Utopia  Mac8r.enc  bi
putr8r   Utopia-Regular     Utopia  Mac8r.enc
putri8r  Utopia-Italic      Utopia  Mac8r.enc  i
putro8r  Utopia-Regular     Utopia  Mac8r.enc  i
end_fonts
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
For a casual use of the \Utopia{} fonts, the \Ozfile{Add Utopia Fonts}
configuration file\index{configuration!file}\index{file!configuration}
can be loaded manually using the \OzTeX{} \Ozmenu[Config>Load
Config...]  menu.  The loading of the \Ozfile{Add Utopia Fonts}
configuration file\index{configuration!file}\index{file!configuration}
can also be automatized by including in the \Ozfile{.tex} source
folder the following \Ozconfile{LaTeX.config} file:%
\begingroup\small
\indexOzconfvar{load_config}%
\begin{verbatim}
load_config = ":myTeX:Fonts:utopia:Configs:Add Utopia Fonts"
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
as well as a first line:%
\begingroup\small
\begin{quote}
\LaTeXformat
\end{quote}
\endgroup\noindent
in the \Ozfile{.tex} source file.

For the printer fonts, the \LaTeXurl{-Pput} option of
\Ozconfvar{dvips_options} loads \config{.put} (changed with the text
editor \Alpha{} from a Unix to a Macintosh text file
\footnote{Otherwise \dvips{} will only read the first line.}) which in
turn loads \Ozfile{:myTeX:Fonts:charter:dvips:put.map}.  Since
\Ozfile{put.map} uses the \Ozfile{.pfb} file
format\index{font!format}, it can be changed as follows for the
Macintosh \Ozfile{LWFN} format\index{font!format} \footnote{The same
way, the text editor \Alpha{} must be used to change from a Unix to a
Macintosh text file since otherwise \dvips{} will only read the first
line.}:%

\begingroup\scriptsize\indexeightr
\indexBerryfont{putb8r}%
\indexBerryfont{putbi8r}%
\indexBerryfont{putr8r}%
\indexBerryfont{putri8r}%
\indexBerryfont{putbo8r}%
\indexBerryfont{putro8r}%
\index{"<@{\protect \LaTeXurl {<}}}%
\begin{verbatim}
putb8r  Utopia-Bold <UtopiBol "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" <8r.enc
putbi8r Utopia-BoldItalic <UtopiBolIta "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" <8r.enc
putr8r  Utopia-Regular <UtopiReg "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" <8r.enc
putri8r Utopia-Italic <UtopiIta "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" <8r.enc
putbo8r Utopia-Bold <UtopiBol " .167 SlantFont TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont " <8r.enc
putro8r Utopia-Regular <UtopiReg " .167 SlantFont TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont " <8r.enc
\end{verbatim}
\endgroup\noindent
To have this specification be taken into account by \dvips{}, it is
necessary to comment all lines relative to \Berryfont{putb8r}, \ldots,
\Berryfont{putro8r} in \Ozfile{:TeX:DVIPS:Inputs:psfonts.map} which is
loaded \emph{after} \config{.put} whence \Ozfile{put.map}.

\bigskip
 
(The above solution for installing fonts has the advantage of grouping
all files relative to a font family\index{family} (including the screen fonts when
using ATM Deluxe) in a single folder.  A more classical implementation
consists in storing the \Ozfile{.tfm} files in a common
\Ozfile{:myTex:tfm:} folder, the \Ozfile{.vf} files in
\Ozfile{:myTex:vf:}, etc.  The advantage of such an organization
mimicking that of the \OzTeX{} distribution, is that moving the
various files in the appropriate folders avoids the need for adjusting
the configuration files\index{configuration!file}\index{file!configuration}, which is needed anyway for screen fonts.)

\newpage
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Font encoding layouts}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\label{fontencodinglayouts}\index{encoding!output}\index{layout}
\CMTextEncoding{12}
\newpage
\ECEncoding{9}
\newpage
\TeXBaseOneEncoding{9}
\newpage
\TSoneEncoding{8}
\newpage
\TeXnAnsiEncoding{9}
\newpage
\MacintoshRomanEncoding{9}
\noindent{\small The freeware \PopCharLite{} can be used to get the
Macintosh code/slot\index{glyph!code@{code/slot}} of all screen
glyphs.  \PopCharLite{} can also be used to enter the glyphs directly
in the \Ozfile{.tex} source if you do not know which are the
corresponding keyboard keys, see
\url{http://infosoft.soft.uni-linz.ac.at/Info/MacSoftware.html}.}
\newpage
\AdobeStandardEncoding{9}
\newpage
\ISOLatinOneEncoding{9}

\newpage
\begin{thebibliography}{10}

\bibitem{Adobe:1985:PLR}
\index{adobe@{Adobe Systems Incorporated.}}%
{Adobe Systems Incorporated}.
\newblock \emph{\PostScript{} Language Reference Manual}.
\newblock Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey, Reading, MA, USA, 1985.

\bibitem{Goossens:1994:LCb}
\index{goossens@{Goossens, Michel}}%
\index{mittelbach@{Mittelbach, Frank}}%
\index{samarin@{Samarin, Alexander}}%
Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin.
\newblock \emph{The {\LaTeX} Companion}.
\newblock Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey, Reading, MA, USA, second edition, 1994.

\bibitem{Goossens:1997:LGC}
\index{goossens@{Goossens, Michel}}%
\index{mittelbach@{Mittelbach, Frank}}%
\index{rahtz@{Rahtz, Sebastian}}%
Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz, and Frank Mittelbach.
\newblock \emph{The {\LaTeX} Graphics Companion: Illustrating Documents with
  {\TeX} and {PostScript}}.
\newblock Tools and Techniques for Computer Typesetting.
  Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey, Reading, MA, USA, 1997.

\bibitem{Graetzer:1999:FSL}
\index{graetzer@{Gr{\"a}tzer, George}}%
George Gr{\"a}tzer.
\newblock \emph{First steps in {\LaTeX}}.
\newblock Birkh{\"a}user \& Springer-Verlag, 1999.

\bibitem{Greenberg:1999:SIL}
\index{greenberg@{Greenberg, Harvey}}%
Harvey Greenberg.
\newblock \emph{A Simplified Introduction to {\LaTeX}}.
\newblock \CTAN{/info/simplified-latex/latex.ps}, 1999.

\bibitem{Knuth:1990:VFMa}
\Knuth.
\newblock Virtual fonts: More fun for grand wizards.
\newblock \emph{TUGBoat}, 11(1):13--23, April 1990.

\bibitem{Knuth:1984:TB}
\Knuth.
\newblock \emph{The {\TeX}book}.
\newblock Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey, Reading, MA, USA, 1984.

\bibitem{Lamport:1994:LDP}
\Lamport.
\newblock \emph{{\LaTeX}: {A} Document Preparation System: User's Guide and
  Reference Manual}.
\newblock Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey, Reading, MA, USA, second edition, 1994.

\bibitem{LopezValencia:1999:ozfonts}
\LopezValencia.
\newblock \emph{Using Fonts with \OzTeX{}, Searching the Holy Grail of
\TeX{} Fonts}.
\newblock \Ozfile{:TeX:Docs:LaTeX:ozfonts.tex}, 1999.

\bibitem{Trevorrow:1999:OUG}
\Trevorrow.
\newblock \emph{\OzTeX{} User Guide}.
\newblock \Ozfile{:TeX:Docs:LaTeX:ozuser.dvi}, 1999.

\end{thebibliography}

\columnsep1.5cm
\printindex
\end{document}

